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<span>GraphQL Integration</span>
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</script><p>While Geode uses ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Graph Query Language (GQL) as its native query language, it can be seamlessly integrated with GraphQL to provide a modern API layer for frontend applications. This integration enables developers to leverage GraphQL’s type system and tooling while benefiting from Geode’s powerful graph capabilities.</p>
<h3 id="graphql-vs-gql" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>GraphQL vs GQL</span>
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</h3><p>It’s important to understand the distinction between GraphQL and GQL:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>GraphQL</strong>: An API query language and runtime for APIs, designed by Facebook for frontend-backend communication</li>
<li><strong>GQL (Graph Query Language)</strong>: An ISO standard database query language for property graph databases (ISO/IEC 39075:2024)</li>
</ul>
<p>While they share similar names and both deal with graph structures, they serve different purposes. This guide shows how to integrate them effectively.</p>
<h3 id="architecture-overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Architecture Overview</span>
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</h3><p>A typical Geode + GraphQL architecture includes:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">Frontend (React/Vue/Angular)
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> ↓ (GraphQL Queries)
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">GraphQL Server (Apollo/Graphene)
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> ↓ (Resolvers)
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Geode Client Library
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> ↓ (GQL Queries via QUIC)
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">Geode Database
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>The GraphQL server acts as an API gateway, translating GraphQL queries into GQL queries for Geode.</p>
<h3 id="schema-mapping" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Schema Mapping</span>
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<h4 id="geode-graph-model-to-graphql-schema" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Geode Graph Model to GraphQL Schema</span>
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</h4><p>Map Geode’s property graph model to GraphQL types:</p>
<p><strong>Geode Graph Model</strong>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="err">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">Node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">labels</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">Post</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">Comment</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="err">//</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">Relationship</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="nc">s</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">AUTHORED</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">COMMENTED_ON</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">FOLLOWS</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="py">MATCH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">u</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="err">-</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="nc">AUTHORED</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="err">-></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">p</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="py">RETURN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">u</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">p</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p><strong>Corresponding GraphQL Schema</strong>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-graphql" data-lang="graphql"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">id</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">username</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">email</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">createdAt</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">DateTime</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># Relationships</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">posts</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">comments</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">Comment</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">followers</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">following</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">id</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">title</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">content</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">createdAt</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">DateTime</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># Relationships</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">author</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">comments</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">Comment</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Comment</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">id</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">content</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">createdAt</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">DateTime</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># Relationships</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">author</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">post</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">id</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">limit</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">offset</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">id</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">posts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">limit</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">offset</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="c"># Graph traversal queries</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">userFriends</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">userId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">depth</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">recommendedPosts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">userId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">limit</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Mutation</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">createUser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">input</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CreateUserInput</span><span class="p">!):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">createPost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">input</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CreatePostInput</span><span class="p">!):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">createComment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">input</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CreateCommentInput</span><span class="p">!):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Comment</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">followUser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">userId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">targetUserId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Boolean</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CreateUserInput</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">username</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">email</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CreatePostInput</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">authorId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">title</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">content</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CreateCommentInput</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">authorId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">postId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ID</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">content</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="resolver-implementation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Resolver Implementation</span>
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<h4 id="nodejs-with-apollo-server" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Node.js with Apollo Server</span>
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</h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">ApolloServer</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'apollo-server'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">createClient</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'@geodedb/client'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// Initialize Geode client
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">geode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">createClient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'quic://localhost:3141'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">resolvers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">Query</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">user</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">client</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queryAll</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (u:User {id: $id}) RETURN u'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">rows</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">users</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">limit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">offset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">client</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queryAll</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (u:User) RETURN u SKIP $offset LIMIT $limit'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">offset</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">limit</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">rows</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">userFriends</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">depth</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">client</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queryAll</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`MATCH (u:User {id: $userId})-[:FOLLOWS*1..$depth]->(friend:User)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> RETURN DISTINCT friend`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">depth</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">rows</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">friend</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">recommendedPosts</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">limit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="c1">// Complex graph algorithm for recommendations
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">client</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">queryAll</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`MATCH (u:User {id: $userId})-[:FOLLOWS]->(friend:User)-[:AUTHORED]->(p:Post)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> WHERE NOT (u)-[:AUTHORED]->(p)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> RETURN p, COUNT(DISTINCT friend) AS score
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> ORDER BY score DESC
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> LIMIT $limit`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">params</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">limit</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">rows</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">Mutation</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">createUser</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">input</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`CREATE (u:User {
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> id: randomUUID(),
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> username: $username,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> email: $email,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> createdAt: datetime()
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> })
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> RETURN u`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">input</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">createPost</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">input</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`MATCH (author:User {id: $authorId})
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> CREATE (p:Post {
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> id: randomUUID(),
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> title: $title,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> content: $content,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> createdAt: datetime()
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> })
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> CREATE (author)-[:AUTHORED]->(p)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> RETURN p`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">input</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">followUser</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">targetUserId</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`MATCH (u:User {id: $userId}), (target:User {id: $targetUserId})
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> MERGE (u)-[:FOLLOWS]->(target)`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">targetUserId</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="c1">// Field resolvers for relationships
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">User</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">posts</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (u:User {id: $id})-[:AUTHORED]->(p:Post) RETURN p'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">followers</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (follower:User)-[:FOLLOWS]->(u:User {id: $id}) RETURN follower'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">follower</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">following</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (u:User {id: $id})-[:FOLLOWS]->(following:User) RETURN following'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">following</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">Post</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">author</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (u:User)-[:AUTHORED]->(p:Post {id: $id}) RETURN u'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">comments</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (c:Comment)-[:COMMENTED_ON]->(p:Post {id: $id}) RETURN c'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">server</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ApolloServer</span><span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">typeDefs</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">resolvers</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">context</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">({</span> <span class="nx">req</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="c1">// Pass authentication context
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">headers</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'x-user-id'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">})</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">server</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">listen</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="nx">then</span><span class="p">(({</span> <span class="nx">url</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`GraphQL server running at </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">url</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h4 id="python-with-graphene" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Python with Graphene</span>
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</h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">graphene</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">geode_client</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Client</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">asyncio</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">client</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Client</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"localhost:3141"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ObjectType</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">created_at</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateTime</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">posts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">followers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">following</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">resolve_posts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s2">"MATCH (u:User {id: $id})-[:AUTHORED]->(p:Post) RETURN p"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'p'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">resolve_followers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s2">"MATCH (follower:User)-[:FOLLOWS]->(u:User {id: $id}) RETURN follower"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'follower'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ObjectType</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">created_at</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateTime</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">author</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">comments</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Comment</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">resolve_author</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s2">"MATCH (u:User)-[:AUTHORED]->(p:Post {id: $id}) RETURN u"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">'u'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Comment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ObjectType</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nb">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">created_at</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateTime</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">author</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">post</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Post</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ObjectType</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">users</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">limit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Int</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Int</span><span class="p">())</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">user_friends</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">depth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Int</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">resolve_user</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s2">"MATCH (u:User {id: $id}) RETURN u"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">'u'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">resolve_users</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">limit</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s2">"MATCH (u:User) RETURN u SKIP $offset LIMIT $limit"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"offset"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">offset</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"limit"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'u'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">resolve_user_friends</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">depth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s2">"""MATCH (u:User {id: $user_id})-[:FOLLOWS*1..$depth]->(friend:User)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="s2"> RETURN DISTINCT friend"""</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"user_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">user_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"depth"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">depth</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'friend'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CreateUserInput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">InputObjectType</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CreateUser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Mutation</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Arguments</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nb">input</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CreateUserInput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">mutate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">client</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s2">"""CREATE (u:User {
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="s2"> id: randomUUID(),
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="s2"> username: $username,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="s2"> email: $email,
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="s2"> createdAt: datetime()
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="s2"> })
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="s2"> RETURN u"""</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"username"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"email"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">CreateUser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">User</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">'u'</span><span class="p">]))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Mutation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ObjectType</span><span class="p">):</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">create_user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CreateUser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Field</span><span class="p">()</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">schema</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">graphene</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Schema</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mutation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Mutation</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="dataloader-pattern-for-n1-prevention" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>DataLoader Pattern for N+1 Prevention</span>
<button type="button"
class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1"
data-share-target="dataloader-pattern-for-n1-prevention"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-label="Share link: DataLoader Pattern for N&#43;1 Prevention">
<i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-share-nodes" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 0.8em;"></i>
<span class="visually-hidden">Share link</span>
</button>
</h3><p>Use DataLoader to batch and cache Geode queries:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">DataLoader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'dataloader'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// Batch load users by IDs
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">userLoader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">DataLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">userIds</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.id IN $ids RETURN u.id AS id, u'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">ids</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">userIds</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">userMap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Map</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">])</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">userIds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">userMap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// Batch load posts by user IDs
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">postsByUserLoader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">DataLoader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">userIds</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`MATCH (u:User)-[:AUTHORED]->(p:Post)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> WHERE u.id IN $ids
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> RETURN u.id AS userId, COLLECT(p) AS posts`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">ids</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">userIds</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">postsMap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Map</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">userId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">posts</span><span class="p">])</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">userIds</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">postsMap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="p">[]);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// Use in resolvers
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">resolvers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">Post</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">author</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">userLoader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">authorId</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">User</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">posts</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">postsByUserLoader</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="real-time-subscriptions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Real-time Subscriptions</span>
<button type="button"
class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1"
data-share-target="real-time-subscriptions"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-label="Share link: Real-time Subscriptions">
<i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-share-nodes" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 0.8em;"></i>
<span class="visually-hidden">Share link</span>
</button>
</h3><p>Implement GraphQL subscriptions using Geode’s change streams:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">PubSub</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'graphql-subscriptions'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">pubsub</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">PubSub</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// Listen to Geode change stream
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kr">async</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="nx">startChangeStream</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">changeStream</span><span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">patterns</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'(n:Post)'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'(n:Comment)'</span><span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">change</span> <span class="k">of</span> <span class="nx">stream</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">change</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">label</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'Post'</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nx">change</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">operation</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'CREATE'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">pubsub</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">publish</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'POST_CREATED'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">postCreated</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">change</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span> <span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">change</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">label</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'Comment'</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nx">change</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">operation</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'CREATE'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">pubsub</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">publish</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'COMMENT_ADDED'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">commentAdded</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">change</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span> <span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">startChangeStream</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1">// GraphQL subscription types
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="c1"></span><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">typeDefs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sb">`
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> type Subscription {
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> postCreated: Post!
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> commentAdded(postId: ID!): Comment!
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> }
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb">`</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">resolvers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">Subscription</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">postCreated</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">subscribe</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">pubsub</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">asyncIterator</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'POST_CREATED'</span><span class="p">])</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">},</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">commentAdded</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">subscribe</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">withFilter</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">pubsub</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">asyncIterator</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'COMMENT_ADDED'</span><span class="p">]),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">payload</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">variables</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">payload</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">commentAdded</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">postId</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="nx">variables</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">postId</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="pagination-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Pagination Patterns</span>
<button type="button"
class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1"
data-share-target="pagination-patterns"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-label="Share link: Pagination Patterns">
<i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-share-nodes" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 0.8em;"></i>
<span class="visually-hidden">Share link</span>
</button>
</h3>
<h4 id="offset-based-pagination" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Offset-based Pagination</span>
<button type="button"
class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1"
data-share-target="offset-based-pagination"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-label="Share link: Offset-based Pagination">
<i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-share-nodes" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 0.8em;"></i>
<span class="visually-hidden">Share link</span>
</button>
</h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-graphql" data-lang="graphql"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">posts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">limit</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">offset</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PostConnection</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PostConnection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">nodes</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">totalCount</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">pageInfo</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PageInfo</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PageInfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">hasNextPage</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Boolean</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">hasPreviousPage</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Boolean</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>Implementation:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">posts</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">limit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">offset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">dataResult</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">countResult</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nb">Promise</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">all</span><span class="p">([</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="s1">'MATCH (p:Post) RETURN p SKIP $offset LIMIT $limit'</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">offset</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">limit</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'MATCH (p:Post) RETURN COUNT(p) AS total'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">]);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">totalCount</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">countResult</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">total</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">nodes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">dataResult</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">nodes</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">totalCount</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">pageInfo</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">hasNextPage</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">offset</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">limit</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="nx">totalCount</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">hasPreviousPage</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">offset</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h4 id="cursor-based-pagination-relay" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Cursor-based Pagination (Relay)</span>
<button type="button"
class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1"
data-share-target="cursor-based-pagination-relay"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-label="Share link: Cursor-based Pagination (Relay)">
<i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-share-nodes" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 0.8em;"></i>
<span class="visually-hidden">Share link</span>
</button>
</h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-graphql" data-lang="graphql"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Query</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">posts</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="py">first</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">after</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">):</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PostConnection</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PostConnection</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">edges</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">PostEdge</span><span class="p">!]!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">pageInfo</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PageInfo</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PostEdge</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">node</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Post</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">cursor</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">PageInfo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">hasNextPage</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Boolean</span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"> </span><span class="py">endCursor</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">String</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w"></span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span></code></pre></div><p>Implementation:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nx">posts</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">first</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">after</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">afterClause</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">after</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="sb">`WHERE p.createdAt < datetime($after)`</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`MATCH (p:Post)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">afterClause</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> RETURN p
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> ORDER BY p.createdAt DESC
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> LIMIT </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">first</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">after</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">after</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">posts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">hasNextPage</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">posts</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="nx">first</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">edges</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">posts</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">first</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">post</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">node</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">cursor</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">post</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">createdAt</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">edges</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">pageInfo</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">hasNextPage</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">endCursor</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">edges</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">edges</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">cursor</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="performance-optimization" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Performance Optimization</span>
<button type="button"
class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1"
data-share-target="performance-optimization"
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aria-label="Share link: Performance Optimization">
<i class="fa-sharp-duotone fa-solid fa-share-nodes" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 0.8em;"></i>
<span class="visually-hidden">Share link</span>
</button>
</h3>
<h4 id="query-complexity-analysis" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Query Complexity Analysis</span>
<button type="button"
class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1"
data-share-target="query-complexity-analysis"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
aria-label="Share link: Query Complexity Analysis">
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</button>
</h4><p>Limit expensive graph traversals:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">createComplexityLimitRule</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'graphql-validation-complexity'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">server</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">ApolloServer</span><span class="p">({</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">validationRules</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">createComplexityLimitRule</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">scalarCost</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">objectCost</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">listFactor</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">})</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">]</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">});</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h4 id="field-level-caching" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Field-level Caching</span>
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</h4><p>Cache expensive graph computations:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">resolvers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">User</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nx">recommendedFriends</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kr">async</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">cache</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">cacheKey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sb">`user:</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="sb">:recommended`</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">cached</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">cache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">cacheKey</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">cached</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">cached</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">geode</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="sb">`MATCH (u:User {id: $userId})-[:FOLLOWS*2..3]->(recommended:User)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> WHERE NOT (u)-[:FOLLOWS]->(recommended)
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> RETURN recommended, COUNT(*) AS score
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> ORDER BY score DESC
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="sb"> LIMIT 10`</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">userId</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nx">user</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">const</span> <span class="nx">recommendations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">result</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">row</span> <span class="p">=></span> <span class="nx">row</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">recommended</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="kr">await</span> <span class="nx">cache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">cacheKey</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">recommendations</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">ttl</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">300</span> <span class="p">});</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">recommendations</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="best-practices" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Best Practices</span>
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</h3><ol>
<li><strong>Schema Design</strong>: Design GraphQL schema to match your frontend needs, not necessarily your Geode schema</li>
<li><strong>Batch Queries</strong>: Use DataLoader to batch Geode queries and prevent N+1 problems</li>
<li><strong>Pagination</strong>: Implement proper pagination for large result sets</li>
<li><strong>Caching</strong>: Cache expensive graph computations at the resolver level</li>
<li><strong>Error Handling</strong>: Translate Geode errors to appropriate GraphQL errors</li>
<li><strong>Monitoring</strong>: Track resolver performance and Geode query execution time</li>
<li><strong>Security</strong>: Implement depth and complexity limits to prevent abuse</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="related-topics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Related Topics</span>
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</h3><ul>
<li><a
href="/tags/api/"
>API Development</a>
- Complete API guide</li>
<li><a
href="/tags/integration/"
>Integration</a>
- System integration patterns</li>
<li><a
href="/tags/client-libraries/"
>Client Libraries</a>
- Native Geode clients</li>
<li><a
href="/tags/gql-syntax/"
>GQL Syntax</a>
- Graph Query Language reference</li>
<li><a
href="/tags/performance/"
>Performance</a>
- Query optimization</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="further-reading" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group">
<span>Further Reading</span>
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</h3><ul>
<li><a
href="https://graphql.org/learn/best-practices/"
aria-label="GraphQL Best Practices – opens in new window"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"
>GraphQL Best Practices
<span aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon">↗</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/"
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target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"
>Apollo Server Documentation
<span aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon">↗</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a
href="https://docs.graphene-python.org/"
aria-label="Graphene Documentation – opens in new window"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"
>Graphene Documentation
<span aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon">↗</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/graphql/dataloader"
aria-label="DataLoader Pattern – opens in new window"
target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"
>DataLoader Pattern
<span aria-hidden="true" class="external-icon">↗</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a
href="/docs/client-libraries/"
>Geode Client Libraries</a>
- Client integration guides</li>
</ul>
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