Migrating from Neo4j to Geode

<h2 id="migrating-from-neo4j-to-geode" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Migrating from Neo4j to Geode <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="migrating-from-neo4j-to-geode" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Migrating from Neo4j to Geode"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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Geode implements the ISO/IEC 39075:2024 GQL standard, providing a standards-based alternative to Neo4j’s proprietary Cypher language. While GQL and Cypher share common ancestry, there are important differences to understand. <h3 id="migration-overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Migration Overview <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="migration-overview" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Migration Overview"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="why-migrate-to-geode" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Why Migrate to Geode? <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="why-migrate-to-geode" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Why Migrate to Geode?"> Share link </button> </h4><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Feature</th> <th>Neo4j</th> <th>Geode</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Query Language</td> <td>Cypher (proprietary)</td> <td>GQL (ISO standard)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Protocol</td> <td>Bolt</td> <td>QUIC + TLS 1.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Licensing</td> <td>Enterprise features require license</td> <td>Apache 2.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Standards Compliance</td> <td>Partial</td> <td>100% GQL compliance</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Performance</td> <td>Good</td> <td>Excellent (QUIC benefits)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="migration-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Migration Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="migration-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Migration Steps"> Share link </button> </h4><ol> <li>Assessment: Analyze your Neo4j schema and queries</li> <li>Schema Mapping: Map Neo4j schema to Geode</li> <li>Query Translation: Convert Cypher queries to GQL</li> <li>Data Export: Export data from Neo4j</li> <li>Data Import: Import data into Geode</li> <li>Driver Migration: Update application code</li> <li>Testing: Validate migration completeness</li> <li>Cutover: Switch production traffic</li> </ol> <h3 id="cypher-to-gql-translation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Cypher to GQL Translation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="cypher-to-gql-translation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Cypher to GQL Translation"> Share link </button> </h3>GQL and Cypher are similar in many ways, but there are key differences. Here’s a comprehensive translation guide. <h4 id="basic-pattern-matching" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Basic Pattern Matching <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="basic-pattern-matching" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Basic Pattern Matching"> Share link </button> </h4>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MATCH (n:Person {name: 'Alice'}) RETURN n </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person {name: 'Alice'}) RETURN n </code></pre></div>Most basic patterns are identical! <h4 id="variable-length-paths" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Variable-Length Paths <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="variable-length-paths" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Variable-Length Paths"> Share link </button> </h4>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MATCH (a:Person)-[:KNOWS*1..3]->(b:Person) RETURN a, b </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a:Person)-[:KNOWS*1..3]->(b:Person) RETURN a, b </code></pre></div> <h4 id="optional-match" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Optional Match <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="optional-match" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Optional Match"> Share link </button> </h4>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MATCH (p:Person) OPTIONAL MATCH (p)-[:KNOWS]->(friend) RETURN p.name, friend.name </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) OPTIONAL MATCH (p)-[:KNOWS]->(friend) RETURN p.name, friend.name </code></pre></div> <h4 id="creating-nodes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Creating Nodes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="creating-nodes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Creating Nodes"> Share link </button> </h4>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">CREATE (n:Person {name: 'Alice', age: 30}) RETURN n </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE (n:Person {name: 'Alice', age: 30}) RETURN n </code></pre></div> <h4 id="creating-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Creating Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="creating-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Creating Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MATCH (a:Person {name: 'Alice'}) MATCH (b:Person {name: 'Bob'}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2020}]->(b) </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a:Person {name: 'Alice'}) MATCH (b:Person {name: 'Bob'}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2020}]->(b) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="key-differences" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Key Differences <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="key-differences" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Key Differences"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="1-merge-syntax" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 1. MERGE Syntax <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="1-merge-syntax" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 1. MERGE Syntax"> Share link </button> </h5>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MERGE (n:Person {name: 'Alice'}) ON CREATE SET n.created = timestamp() ON MATCH SET n.accessed = timestamp() RETURN n </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MERGE (n:Person {name: 'Alice'}) ON CREATE SET n.created = timestamp() ON MATCH SET n.accessed = timestamp() RETURN n </code></pre></div> <h5 id="2-list-comprehensions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 2. List Comprehensions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="2-list-comprehensions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 2. List Comprehensions"> Share link </button> </h5>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">WITH [x IN range(1, 5) WHERE x % 2 = 0 | x * 2] AS evens RETURN evens </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">WITH [x IN range(1, 5) WHERE x % 2 = 0 | x * 2] AS evens RETURN evens </code></pre></div> <h5 id="3-path-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 3. Path Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="3-path-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 3. Path Functions"> Share link </button> </h5>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MATCH path = (a:Person)-[:KNOWS*]->(b:Person) RETURN nodes(path), relationships(path), length(path) </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH path = (a:Person)-[:KNOWS*]->(b:Person) RETURN nodes(path), relationships(path), length(path) </code></pre></div> <h5 id="4-aggregations" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 4. Aggregations <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="4-aggregations" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 4. Aggregations"> Share link </button> </h5>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, count(*) AS population, avg(p.age) AS avg_age ORDER BY population DESC </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, count(*) AS population, avg(p.age) AS avg_age ORDER BY population DESC </code></pre></div> <h5 id="5-apoc-procedures" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 5. APOC Procedures <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="5-apoc-procedures" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 5. APOC Procedures"> Share link </button> </h5>Neo4j’s APOC library has no direct equivalent. Translate APOC calls to native GQL. Cypher with APOC: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">CALL apoc.path.spanningTree(startNode, {relationshipFilter: 'KNOWS'}) YIELD path RETURN path </code></pre></div>GQL equivalent: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH path = (start:Person {id: $id})-[:KNOWS*0..]->(end) WHERE NOT (end)-[:KNOWS]->() OR end = start RETURN DISTINCT path </code></pre></div>Cypher with APOC date functions: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">RETURN apoc.date.format(timestamp(), 'ms', 'yyyy-MM-dd') </code></pre></div>GQL equivalent: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toString(date(timestamp())) </code></pre></div> <h5 id="6-index-creation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 6. Index Creation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="6-index-creation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 6. Index Creation"> Share link </button> </h5>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">CREATE INDEX FOR (n:Person) ON (n.name) CREATE CONSTRAINT FOR (n:Person) REQUIRE n.email IS UNIQUE </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE INDEX person_name ON :Person(name) CREATE CONSTRAINT person_email_unique ON :Person(email) ASSERT UNIQUE </code></pre></div> <h5 id="7-parameters" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 7. Parameters <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="7-parameters" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 7. Parameters"> Share link </button> </h5>Cypher: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MATCH (n:Person {name: $name}) RETURN n </code></pre></div>GQL: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person {name: $name}) RETURN n </code></pre></div>Parameters work identically! <h3 id="schema-mapping" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Schema Mapping <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="schema-mapping" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Schema Mapping"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="labels-and-node-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Labels and Node Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="labels-and-node-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Labels and Node Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Neo4j labels map directly to Geode labels: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Neo4j: (:Person:Employee) // Geode: (:Person:Employee) // Multiple labels work the same MATCH (n:Person:Employee) RETURN n </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Relationship types map directly: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Neo4j: -[:KNOWS]-> // Geode: -[:KNOWS]-> MATCH (a)-[:WORKS_AT]->(b) RETURN a, b </code></pre></div> <h4 id="property-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Property Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="property-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Property Types"> Share link </button> </h4><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Neo4j Type</th> <th>Geode Type</th> <th>Notes</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>String</td> <td>STRING</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Integer</td> <td>INTEGER</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Float</td> <td>FLOAT</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Boolean</td> <td>BOOLEAN</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date</td> <td>DATE</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DateTime</td> <td>TIMESTAMP</td> <td>Use timestamp()</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Duration</td> <td>DURATION</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Point</td> <td>Not supported</td> <td>Store as properties</td> </tr> <tr> <td>List</td> <td>LIST</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Map</td> <td>MAP</td> <td>Direct mapping</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="constraints" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Constraints <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="constraints" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Constraints"> Share link </button> </h4>Neo4j: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">CREATE CONSTRAINT person_name_unique FOR (n:Person) REQUIRE n.name IS UNIQUE CREATE CONSTRAINT person_email_exists FOR (n:Person) REQUIRE n.email IS NOT NULL </code></pre></div>Geode: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE CONSTRAINT person_name_unique ON :Person(name) ASSERT UNIQUE CREATE CONSTRAINT person_email_exists ON :Person(email) ASSERT EXISTS </code></pre></div> <h4 id="indexes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Indexes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="indexes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Indexes"> Share link </button> </h4>Neo4j: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">CREATE INDEX person_name FOR (n:Person) ON (n.name) CREATE INDEX person_age_city FOR (n:Person) ON (n.age, n.city) CREATE TEXT INDEX person_bio FOR (n:Person) ON (n.bio) CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX person_search FOR (n:Person) ON EACH [n.name, n.bio] </code></pre></div>Geode: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE INDEX person_name ON :Person(name) CREATE INDEX person_age_city ON :Person(age, city) CREATE TEXT INDEX person_bio ON :Person(bio) CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX person_search ON :Person(name, bio) </code></pre></div> <h3 id="data-export-from-neo4j" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Export from Neo4j <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-export-from-neo4j" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Export from Neo4j"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="method-1-csv-export" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Method 1: CSV Export <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="method-1-csv-export" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Method 1: CSV Export"> Share link </button> </h4>Export nodes and relationships to CSV using Neo4j’s <code>apoc.export.csv</code> or <code>CALL ... YIELD</code>: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gdscript3" data-lang="gdscript3">// Export all Person nodes CALL apoc.export.csv.query( "MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.id AS id, p.name AS name, p.age AS age, p.email AS email", "persons.csv", {} ) // Export relationships CALL apoc.export.csv.query( "MATCH (a:Person)-[r:KNOWS]->(b:Person) RETURN a.id AS from_id, b.id AS to_id, r.since AS since", "knows.csv", {} ) </code></pre></div>Or use <code>cypher-shell</code>: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"># Export nodes echo "MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.id, p.name, p.age, p.email" | \ cypher-shell -u neo4j -p password --format plain > persons.csv # Export relationships echo "MATCH (a:Person)-[r:KNOWS]->(b:Person) RETURN a.id, b.id, r.since" | \ cypher-shell -u neo4j -p password --format plain > knows.csv </code></pre></div> <h4 id="method-2-json-export" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Method 2: JSON Export <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="method-2-json-export" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Method 2: JSON Export"> Share link </button> </h4>Export to JSON for complex data: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gdscript3" data-lang="gdscript3">CALL apoc.export.json.all("export.json", {useTypes: true}) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="method-3-neo4j-admin-dump" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Method 3: neo4j-admin Dump <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="method-3-neo4j-admin-dump" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Method 3: neo4j-admin Dump"> Share link </button> </h4>For large databases, use neo4j-admin: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">neo4j-admin database dump neo4j --to-path=/backup/ </code></pre></div>Then parse the dump file for import. <h4 id="method-4-streaming-export-script" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Method 4: Streaming Export Script <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="method-4-streaming-export-script" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Method 4: Streaming Export Script"> Share link </button> </h4>For very large databases, stream exports: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from neo4j import GraphDatabase driver = GraphDatabase.driver("bolt://localhost:7687", auth=("neo4j", "password")) def export_nodes(label, output_file): with driver.session() as session: with open(output_file, 'w') as f: result = session.run(f"MATCH (n:{label}) RETURN n") for record in result: node = record["n"] f.write(json.dumps(dict(node)) + '\n') def export_relationships(rel_type, output_file): with driver.session() as session: with open(output_file, 'w') as f: result = session.run(f""" MATCH (a)-[r:{rel_type}]->(b) RETURN id(a) AS from_id, id(b) AS to_id, properties(r) AS props """) for record in result: f.write(json.dumps({ 'from': record['from_id'], 'to': record['to_id'], 'properties': record['props'] }) + '\n') # Export all labels export_nodes('Person', 'persons.jsonl') export_nodes('Company', 'companies.jsonl') export_relationships('KNOWS', 'knows.jsonl') export_relationships('WORKS_AT', 'works_at.jsonl') </code></pre></div> <h3 id="data-import-to-geode" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Import to Geode <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-import-to-geode" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Import to Geode"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="import-from-csv" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Import from CSV <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="import-from-csv" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Import from CSV"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Import persons LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///persons.csv' AS row CREATE (:Person { id: toInteger(row.id), name: row.name, age: toInteger(row.age), email: row.email }) // Import relationships LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///knows.csv' AS row MATCH (a:Person {id: toInteger(row.from_id)}) MATCH (b:Person {id: toInteger(row.to_id)}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: toInteger(row.since)}]->(b) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="import-from-json" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Import from JSON <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="import-from-json" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Import from JSON"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">import asyncio import json from geode_client import Client async def import_nodes(client, label, input_file): async with client.connection() as conn: with open(input_file, 'r') as f: for line in f: data = json.loads(line) await conn.execute( f"CREATE (n:{label} $props)", {"props": data} ) async def import_relationships(client, rel_type, input_file): async with client.connection() as conn: with open(input_file, 'r') as f: for line in f: data = json.loads(line) await conn.execute(f""" MATCH (a {{id: $from_id}}) MATCH (b {{id: $to_id}}) CREATE (a)-[:{rel_type} $props]->(b) """, { "from_id": data['from'], "to_id": data['to'], "props": data['properties'] }) async def main(): client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) # Import nodes await import_nodes(client, 'Person', 'persons.jsonl') await import_nodes(client, 'Company', 'companies.jsonl') # Import relationships await import_relationships(client, 'KNOWS', 'knows.jsonl') await import_relationships(client, 'WORKS_AT', 'works_at.jsonl') print("Import complete!") asyncio.run(main()) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="batch-import-for-large-datasets" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Batch Import for Large Datasets <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="batch-import-for-large-datasets" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Batch Import for Large Datasets"> Share link </button> </h4>For better performance, use batch operations: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">async def batch_import_nodes(client, label, input_file, batch_size=1000): async with client.connection() as conn: await conn.begin() count = 0 with open(input_file, 'r') as f: for line in f: data = json.loads(line) await conn.execute( f"CREATE (n:{label} $props)", {"props": data} ) count += 1 if count % batch_size == 0: await conn.commit() await conn.begin() print(f"Imported {count} nodes...") await conn.commit() print(f"Total imported: {count} nodes") </code></pre></div> <h3 id="driver-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Driver Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="driver-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Driver Migration"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="go-driver-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Go Driver Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="go-driver-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Go Driver Migration"> Share link </button> </h4>Neo4j Go Driver: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">import ( "github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j" ) func main() { driver, _ := neo4j.NewDriverWithContext( "neo4j://localhost:7687", neo4j.BasicAuth("neo4j", "password", ""), ) defer driver.Close(context.Background()) session := driver.NewSession(context.Background(), neo4j.SessionConfig{}) defer session.Close(context.Background()) result, _ := session.Run(context.Background(), "MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p", map[string]interface{}{"name": "Alice"}, ) for result.Next(context.Background()) { record := result.Record() fmt.Println(record.Values[0]) } } </code></pre></div>Geode Go Driver: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">import ( "context" "database/sql" _ "geodedb.com/geode" ) func main() { db, _ := sql.Open("geode", "localhost:3141") defer db.Close() ctx := context.Background() rows, _ := db.QueryContext(ctx, "MATCH (p:Person {name: ?}) RETURN p.name, p.age", "Alice", ) defer rows.Close() for rows.Next() { var name string var age int rows.Scan(&name, &age) fmt.Printf("Name: %s, Age: %d\n", name, age) } } </code></pre></div> <h4 id="python-driver-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Python Driver Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="python-driver-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Python Driver Migration"> Share link </button> </h4>Neo4j Python Driver: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from neo4j import GraphDatabase driver = GraphDatabase.driver( "neo4j://localhost:7687", auth=("neo4j", "password") ) with driver.session() as session: result = session.run( "MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p", name="Alice" ) for record in result: print(record["p"]) driver.close() </code></pre></div>Geode Python Driver: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">import asyncio from geode_client import Client async def main(): client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) async with client.connection() as conn: page, _ = await conn.query( "MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p.name, p.age", {"name": "Alice"} ) for row in page.rows: print(f"Name: {row['p.name'].as_string}, Age: {row['p.age'].as_int}") asyncio.run(main()) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="rust-driver-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Rust Driver Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="rust-driver-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Rust Driver Migration"> Share link </button> </h4>Neo4j Rust Driver (neo4rs): <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">use neo4rs::*; #[tokio::main] async fn main() { let graph = Graph::new( "bolt://localhost:7687", "neo4j", "password" ).await.unwrap(); let mut result = graph.execute( query("MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p") .param("name", "Alice") ).await.unwrap(); while let Ok(Some(row)) = result.next().await { let node: Node = row.get("p").unwrap(); println!("{:?}", node); } } </code></pre></div>Geode Rust Driver: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">use geode_client::{Client, Value}; use std::collections::HashMap; #[tokio::main] async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { let client = Client::new("127.0.0.1", 3141).skip_verify(true); let mut conn = client.connect().await?; let mut params = HashMap::new(); params.insert("name".to_string(), Value::string("Alice")); let (page, _) = conn.query_with_params( "MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p.name, p.age", &params ).await?; for row in &page.rows { println!("Name: {}, Age: {}", row.get("p.name").unwrap().as_string()?, row.get("p.age").unwrap().as_int()? ); } Ok(()) } </code></pre></div> <h4 id="nodejs-driver-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Node.js Driver Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="nodejs-driver-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Node.js Driver Migration"> Share link </button> </h4>Neo4j JavaScript Driver: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript">const neo4j = require('neo4j-driver'); const driver = neo4j.driver( 'neo4j://localhost:7687', neo4j.auth.basic('neo4j', 'password') ); const session = driver.session(); const result = await session.run( 'MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p', { name: 'Alice' } ); result.records.forEach(record => { console.log(record.get('p')); }); await session.close(); await driver.close(); </code></pre></div>Geode JavaScript Driver: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">import { createClient } from '@geodedb/client'; const client = await createClient('quic://localhost:3141'); const rows = await client.queryAll( 'MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p.name, p.age', { params: { name: 'Alice' } } ); for (const row of rows) { console.log(`Name: ${row.get('p.name')?.asString}, Age: ${row.get('p.age')?.asNumber}`); } await client.close(); </code></pre></div> <h4 id="zig-driver-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Zig Driver Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="zig-driver-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Zig Driver Migration"> Share link </button> </h4>Geode Zig Driver (no Neo4j equivalent): <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-zig" data-lang="zig">const std = @import("std"); const geode = @import("geode_client"); pub fn main() !void { var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){}; defer _ = gpa.deinit(); const allocator = gpa.allocator(); var client = geode.GeodeClient.init(allocator, "localhost", 3141, true); defer client.deinit(); try client.connect(); try client.sendHello("migration-app", "1.0.0"); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); var params = std.json.ObjectMap.init(allocator); defer params.deinit(); try params.put("name", .{ .string = "Alice" }); try client.sendRunGql(1, "MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p.name, p.age", .{ .object = params } ); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); try client.sendPull(1, 1000); const result = try client.receiveMessage(30000); defer allocator.free(result); std.debug.print("Result: {s}\n", .{result}); } </code></pre></div> <h3 id="testing-migration-completeness" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Testing Migration Completeness <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="testing-migration-completeness" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Testing Migration Completeness"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="data-validation-script" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Validation Script <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-validation-script" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Validation Script"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">import asyncio from geode_client import Client async def validate_migration(): client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) async with client.connection() as conn: # Validate node counts expected_counts = { 'Person': 10000, 'Company': 500, 'Product': 2000, } for label, expected in expected_counts.items(): page, _ = await conn.query(f"MATCH (n:{label}) RETURN count(n) AS count") actual = page.rows[0]['count'].as_int if actual != expected: print(f"FAIL: {label} count mismatch. Expected {expected}, got {actual}") else: print(f"PASS: {label} count matches ({actual})") # Validate relationship counts expected_rels = { 'KNOWS': 25000, 'WORKS_AT': 10000, 'PURCHASED': 50000, } for rel_type, expected in expected_rels.items(): page, _ = await conn.query( f"MATCH ()-[r:{rel_type}]->() RETURN count(r) AS count" ) actual = page.rows[0]['count'].as_int if actual != expected: print(f"FAIL: {rel_type} count mismatch. Expected {expected}, got {actual}") else: print(f"PASS: {rel_type} count matches ({actual})") # Validate indexes page, _ = await conn.query("SHOW INDEXES") print(f"\nIndexes: {len(page.rows)} found") for row in page.rows: print(f" - {row}") # Validate constraints page, _ = await conn.query("SHOW CONSTRAINTS") print(f"\nConstraints: {len(page.rows)} found") for row in page.rows: print(f" - {row}") asyncio.run(validate_migration()) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="query-equivalence-testing" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Equivalence Testing <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-equivalence-testing" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Equivalence Testing"> Share link </button> </h4>Create a test suite that runs the same queries on both databases: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">import asyncio from neo4j import GraphDatabase from geode_client import Client # Test queries that should produce identical results TEST_QUERIES = [ { 'name': 'Count all persons', 'cypher': 'MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p)', 'gql': 'MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p)', }, { 'name': 'Find person by name', 'cypher': 'MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p.name, p.age', 'gql': 'MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p.name, p.age', 'params': {'name': 'Alice'}, }, { 'name': 'Find friends', 'cypher': 'MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(f) RETURN p.name, f.name ORDER BY p.name', 'gql': 'MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(f) RETURN p.name, f.name ORDER BY p.name', }, { 'name': 'Count by city', 'cypher': 'MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, count(*) AS c ORDER BY c DESC', 'gql': 'MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, count(*) AS c ORDER BY c DESC', }, ] async def run_equivalence_tests(): # Neo4j connection neo4j_driver = GraphDatabase.driver( "neo4j://localhost:7687", auth=("neo4j", "password") ) # Geode connection geode_client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) async with geode_client.connection() as geode_conn: for test in TEST_QUERIES: print(f"\nTesting: {test['name']}") params = test.get('params', {}) # Run on Neo4j with neo4j_driver.session() as session: neo4j_result = list(session.run(test['cypher'], **params)) # Run on Geode page, _ = await geode_conn.query(test['gql'], params) geode_result = page.rows # Compare results if len(neo4j_result) != len(geode_result): print(f" FAIL: Row count mismatch ({len(neo4j_result)} vs {len(geode_result)})") else: print(f" PASS: Row counts match ({len(geode_result)})") neo4j_driver.close() asyncio.run(run_equivalence_tests()) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="performance-comparison" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Performance Comparison <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="performance-comparison" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Performance Comparison"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">import asyncio import time from statistics import mean, stdev async def benchmark_query(conn, query, params=None, iterations=100): times = [] for _ in range(iterations): start = time.perf_counter() await conn.query(query, params or {}) elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start times.append(elapsed * 1000) # Convert to ms return { 'min': min(times), 'max': max(times), 'mean': mean(times), 'stdev': stdev(times) if len(times) > 1 else 0, } async def run_benchmarks(): client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) benchmarks = [ ('Simple lookup', 'MATCH (p:Person {name: $name}) RETURN p', {'name': 'Alice'}), ('Full scan', 'MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p)', None), ('Traversal', 'MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS*1..3]->(f) RETURN count(f)', None), ('Aggregation', 'MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, count(*) ORDER BY count(*) DESC', None), ] async with client.connection() as conn: print("Geode Performance Benchmarks (100 iterations each)") print("=" * 60) for name, query, params in benchmarks: results = await benchmark_query(conn, query, params) print(f"\n{name}:") print(f" Min: {results['min']:.2f}ms") print(f" Max: {results['max']:.2f}ms") print(f" Mean: {results['mean']:.2f}ms") print(f" StdDev: {results['stdev']:.2f}ms") asyncio.run(run_benchmarks()) </code></pre></div> <h3 id="common-pitfalls" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Common Pitfalls <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="common-pitfalls" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Common Pitfalls"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="1-apoc-dependencies" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 1. APOC Dependencies <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="1-apoc-dependencies" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 1. APOC Dependencies"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Queries using APOC procedures won’t work. Solution: Rewrite queries using native GQL. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">// Neo4j with APOC CALL apoc.do.when( $condition, 'MATCH (n:Person) RETURN n', 'MATCH (n:Company) RETURN n', {condition: $cond} ) </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// GQL equivalent MATCH (n) WHERE ($condition AND n:Person) OR (NOT $condition AND n:Company) RETURN n </code></pre></div> <h4 id="2-internal-ids" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 2. Internal IDs <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="2-internal-ids" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 2. Internal IDs"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Neo4j internal IDs change during import. Solution: Use application-level IDs. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Add unique ID property before migration // Neo4j MATCH (n) WHERE n.uuid IS NULL SET n.uuid = randomUUID() // Use uuid for relationships in Geode MATCH (a {uuid: $from_uuid}) MATCH (b {uuid: $to_uuid}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS]->(b) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="3-pointspatial-data" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 3. Point/Spatial Data <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="3-pointspatial-data" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 3. Point/Spatial Data"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Neo4j Point types aren’t directly supported. Solution: Store as separate properties. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Neo4j (:Location {point: point({latitude: 40.7, longitude: -74.0})}) // Geode (:Location {latitude: 40.7, longitude: -74.0}) // Or as a map (:Location {coordinates: {lat: 40.7, lng: -74.0}}) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="4-transaction-semantics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 4. Transaction Semantics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="4-transaction-semantics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 4. Transaction Semantics"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Different default transaction behaviors. Solution: Explicitly manage transactions. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"># Always use explicit transactions for multi-statement operations async with client.connection() as conn: await conn.begin() try: await conn.execute("CREATE (:Person {name: 'Alice'})") await conn.execute("CREATE (:Person {name: 'Bob'})") await conn.commit() except Exception: await conn.rollback() raise </code></pre></div> <h4 id="5-datetime-handling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 5. Date/Time Handling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="5-datetime-handling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 5. Date/Time Handling"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Date/time format differences. Solution: Use standard ISO formats. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Always use ISO format for dates CREATE (:Event { date: date('2024-01-15'), time: time('14:30:00'), datetime: timestamp('2024-01-15T14:30:00Z') }) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="6-large-property-values" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 6. Large Property Values <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="6-large-property-values" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 6. Large Property Values"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Neo4j allows very large strings; Geode has limits. Solution: Store large content externally. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Instead of storing large content directly (:Document {content: "very long text..."}) // Store reference to external storage (:Document {content_url: "s3://bucket/doc123.txt", content_hash: "sha256..."}) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="7-relationship-direction" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 7. Relationship Direction <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="7-relationship-direction" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 7. Relationship Direction"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Forgetting relationship direction matters. Solution: Always specify direction or use undirected pattern. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Directed (finds only outgoing) MATCH (a)-[:KNOWS]->(b) // Undirected (finds both directions) MATCH (a)-[:KNOWS]-(b) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="8-null-handling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 8. Null Handling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="8-null-handling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 8. Null Handling"> Share link </button> </h4>Problem: Different null semantics. Solution: Use COALESCE for null-safe operations. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, COALESCE(p.nickname, p.name) AS display_name </code></pre></div> <h3 id="migration-checklist" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Migration Checklist <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="migration-checklist" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Migration Checklist"> Share link </button> </h3>Use this checklist to track your migration progress: <h4 id="pre-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Pre-Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="pre-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Pre-Migration"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Inventory all node labels and relationship types</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Document all Cypher queries used in applications</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Identify APOC procedure usage</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Assess data volume and migration time requirements</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Plan for hybrid operation period</li> </ul> <h4 id="schema-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Schema Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="schema-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Schema Migration"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Export schema from Neo4j (labels, types, constraints, indexes)</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Create equivalent Geode schema</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Verify all constraints can be replicated</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Create all necessary indexes</li> </ul> <h4 id="data-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Migration"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Export all nodes by label</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Export all relationships by type</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Import nodes to Geode</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Create indexes before relationship import</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Import relationships to Geode</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Validate data counts</li> </ul> <h4 id="query-migration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-migration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Migration"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Translate all Cypher queries to GQL</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Replace APOC procedures with native GQL</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Test all queries for correctness</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Benchmark query performance</li> </ul> <h4 id="driver-migration-1" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Driver Migration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="driver-migration-1" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Driver Migration"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Update dependencies in all applications</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Refactor connection code</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Update query execution code</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Test all application functionality</li> </ul> <h4 id="validation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Validation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="validation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Validation"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Run data validation scripts</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Execute query equivalence tests</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Perform load testing</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Verify backup/restore procedures</li> </ul> <h4 id="cutover" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Cutover <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="cutover" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Cutover"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Plan maintenance window</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Prepare rollback procedure</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Execute final data sync</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Switch application connections</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Monitor for errors</li> <li><input disabled="" type="checkbox"> Decommission Neo4j (after stability period)</li> </ul> <h3 id="resources" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Resources <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="resources" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Resources"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/" >GQL Reference</a> </li> <li><a href="/guides/graph-modeling/" >Graph Modeling Guide</a> </li> <li><a href="/clients/" >Client Libraries</a> </li> <li><a href="/docs/performance/" >Performance Guide</a> </li> </ul> <h3 id="getting-help" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Getting Help <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="getting-help" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Getting Help"> Share link </button> </h3>If you encounter issues during migration: <ul> <li><a href="https://docs.geodedb.com" aria-label="Documentation – opens in new window" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >Documentation ↗ </a> </li> <li><a href="https://gitlab.com/devnw/codepros/geode/geode/-/issues" aria-label="GitLab Issues – opens in new window" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >GitLab Issues ↗ </a> </li> <li><a href="https://forum.geodedb.com" aria-label="Community Forum – opens in new window" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >Community Forum ↗ </a> </li> <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" >Email Support</a> </li> </ul>

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