Knowledge Graph Guide | Geode Database

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} requestAnimationFrame(()=>{ input.focus(); }); trapFocus(); } function closeModal(){ if(!isOpen()) return; modal.setAttribute('hidden',''); if(lastFocus && typeof lastFocus.focus==='function') lastFocus.focus(); } function copyCurrent(){ try{ navigator.clipboard.writeText(input.value).then(()=>feedback(true),()=>fallback()); } catch(e){ fallback(); } } function fallback(){ input.select(); try{ document.execCommand('copy'); feedback(true);}catch(e){ feedback(false);} } function feedback(ok){ if(!copyBtn) return; const icon=copyBtn.querySelector('i'); if(!icon) return; const prev=copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')||icon.className; if(!copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')) copyBtn.setAttribute('data-prev',prev); icon.className= ok ? 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You’ll learn ontology design, entity-relationship modeling, inference patterns, and integration with NLP systems. <h3 id="overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Overview <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="overview" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Overview"> Share link </button> </h3>Knowledge graphs represent real-world entities and their relationships in a structured format that machines can process. They power: <ul> <li>Semantic search - Find answers, not just documents</li> <li>Question answering - Natural language queries over structured data</li> <li>Data integration - Connect disparate data sources</li> <li>Recommendation - Context-aware suggestions</li> <li>AI/ML features - Graph embeddings and reasoning</li> </ul> Geode’s property graph model is ideal for knowledge graphs because it naturally represents entities as nodes and relationships as edges with rich attributes. <h3 id="ontology-design" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Ontology Design <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="ontology-design" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Ontology Design"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="core-concepts" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Core Concepts <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="core-concepts" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Core Concepts"> Share link </button> </h4>An ontology defines the types of entities and relationships in your knowledge graph. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Entity types (classes) (:Entity { id: STRING, name: STRING, description: STRING, aliases: LIST<STRING>, source: STRING, confidence: FLOAT, created_at: TIMESTAMP, updated_at: TIMESTAMP }) // Specific entity types (subclasses) (:Person:Entity { birth_date: DATE, death_date: DATE, nationality: STRING, occupation: LIST<STRING>, gender: STRING }) (:Organization:Entity { founded_date: DATE, dissolved_date: DATE, org_type: STRING, // "company", "nonprofit", "government" industry: STRING, headquarters: STRING }) (:Location:Entity { coordinates: POINT, location_type: STRING, // "city", "country", "building" population: INTEGER, area_km2: FLOAT }) (:Concept:Entity { definition: STRING, domain: STRING }) (:Event:Entity { start_date: DATE, end_date: DATE, event_type: STRING }) (:Product:Entity { release_date: DATE, product_type: STRING, manufacturer: STRING }) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Types"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Person relationships (:Person)-[:BORN_IN {date: DATE}]->(:Location) (:Person)-[:DIED_IN {date: DATE}]->(:Location) (:Person)-[:WORKS_FOR {start_date: DATE, end_date: DATE, role: STRING}]->(:Organization) (:Person)-[:FOUNDED {date: DATE}]->(:Organization) (:Person)-[:EDUCATED_AT {degree: STRING, field: STRING, year: INTEGER}]->(:Organization) (:Person)-[:MARRIED_TO {start_date: DATE, end_date: DATE}]->(:Person) (:Person)-[:PARENT_OF]->(:Person) (:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(:Person) (:Person)-[:AUTHORED]->(:CreativeWork) (:Person)-[:PARTICIPATED_IN {role: STRING}]->(:Event) // Organization relationships (:Organization)-[:HEADQUARTERED_IN]->(:Location) (:Organization)-[:SUBSIDIARY_OF]->(:Organization) (:Organization)-[:PARTNER_OF]->(:Organization) (:Organization)-[:EMPLOYS {count: INTEGER}]->(:Person) (:Organization)-[:PRODUCES]->(:Product) (:Organization)-[:PARTICIPATED_IN {role: STRING}]->(:Event) // Location relationships (:Location)-[:LOCATED_IN]->(:Location) (:Location)-[:BORDERS]->(:Location) (:Location)-[:CAPITAL_OF]->(:Location) // Concept relationships (:Concept)-[:SUBCLASS_OF]->(:Concept) (:Concept)-[:RELATED_TO]->(:Concept) (:Entity)-[:INSTANCE_OF]->(:Concept) // Event relationships (:Event)-[:OCCURRED_IN]->(:Location) (:Event)-[:CAUSED]->(:Event) (:Event)-[:PRECEDED]->(:Event) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="schema-setup" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Schema Setup <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="schema-setup" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Schema Setup"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Constraints CREATE CONSTRAINT entity_id_unique ON :Entity(id) ASSERT UNIQUE // Indexes for search CREATE INDEX entity_name ON :Entity(name) CREATE INDEX entity_aliases ON :Entity(aliases) CREATE INDEX person_name ON :Person(name) CREATE INDEX organization_name ON :Organization(name) CREATE INDEX location_name ON :Location(name) CREATE INDEX concept_name ON :Concept(name) // Full-text search index CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX entity_search ON :Entity(name, description, aliases) </code></pre></div> <h3 id="entity-relationship-modeling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Entity-Relationship Modeling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="entity-relationship-modeling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Entity-Relationship Modeling"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="creating-entities" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Creating Entities <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="creating-entities" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Creating Entities"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="docs-tabs mb-4"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="tabs-1774880884385402963" role="tablist"><li class="nav-item" 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aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-0-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Create a person entity CREATE (p:Person:Entity { id: $id, name: $name, description: $description, aliases: $aliases, birth_date: date($birth_date), nationality: $nationality, occupation: $occupation, source: $source, confidence: $confidence, created_at: timestamp() }) RETURN p </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-1-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">package main import ( "context" "database/sql" "log" "github.com/google/uuid" _ "geodedb.com/geode" ) type Entity struct { ID string Name string Description string Aliases []string Source string Confidence float64 } type Person struct { Entity BirthDate string Nationality string Occupation []string } func CreatePerson(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, person Person) (string, error) { person.ID = uuid.New().String() _, err := db.ExecContext(ctx, ` CREATE (p:Person:Entity { id: ?, name: ?, description: ?, aliases: ?, birth_date: date(?), nationality: ?, occupation: ?, source: ?, confidence: ?, created_at: timestamp() }) `, person.ID, person.Name, person.Description, person.Aliases, person.BirthDate, person.Nationality, person.Occupation, person.Source, person.Confidence) return person.ID, err } func main() { db, err := sql.Open("geode", "localhost:3141") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer db.Close() ctx := context.Background() id, err := CreatePerson(ctx, db, Person{ Entity: Entity{ Name: "Marie Curie", Description: "Polish-French physicist and chemist", Aliases: []string{"Maria Sklodowska", "Madame Curie"}, Source: "wikipedia", Confidence: 0.99, }, BirthDate: "1867-11-07", Nationality: "Polish-French", Occupation: []string{"physicist", "chemist"}, }) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } log.Printf("Created person: %s", id) } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-2-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">import asyncio from dataclasses import dataclass, field from typing import List, Optional from datetime import date from uuid import uuid4 from geode_client import Client @dataclass class Entity: id: str = "" name: str = "" description: str = "" aliases: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) source: str = "" confidence: float = 1.0 @dataclass class Person(Entity): birth_date: Optional[date] = None death_date: Optional[date] = None nationality: str = "" occupation: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) async def create_person(client, person: Person) -> str: """Create a person entity in the knowledge graph.""" person.id = str(uuid4()) async with client.connection() as conn: await conn.execute(""" CREATE (p:Person:Entity { id: $id, name: $name, description: $description, aliases: $aliases, birth_date: date($birth_date), nationality: $nationality, occupation: $occupation, source: $source, confidence: $confidence, created_at: timestamp() }) """, { "id": person.id, "name": person.name, "description": person.description, "aliases": person.aliases, "birth_date": person.birth_date.isoformat() if person.birth_date else None, "nationality": person.nationality, "occupation": person.occupation, "source": person.source, "confidence": person.confidence }) return person.id async def main(): client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) person_id = await create_person(client, Person( name="Marie Curie", description="Polish-French physicist and chemist", aliases=["Maria Sklodowska", "Madame Curie"], birth_date=date(1867, 11, 7), nationality="Polish-French", occupation=["physicist", "chemist"], source="wikipedia", confidence=0.99 )) print(f"Created person: {person_id}") asyncio.run(main()) </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-3" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-3-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">use geode_client::{Client, Value}; use std::collections::HashMap; use uuid::Uuid; #[derive(Debug)] struct Person { id: String, name: String, description: String, aliases: Vec<String>, birth_date: String, nationality: String, occupation: Vec<String>, source: String, confidence: f64, } async fn create_person( conn: &mut geode_client::Connection, person: &mut Person, ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { person.id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string(); let mut params = HashMap::new(); params.insert("id".to_string(), Value::string(&person.id)); params.insert("name".to_string(), Value::string(&person.name)); params.insert("description".to_string(), Value::string(&person.description)); params.insert("aliases".to_string(), Value::list( person.aliases.iter().map(|a| Value::string(a)).collect() )); params.insert("birth_date".to_string(), Value::string(&person.birth_date)); params.insert("nationality".to_string(), Value::string(&person.nationality)); params.insert("occupation".to_string(), Value::list( person.occupation.iter().map(|o| Value::string(o)).collect() )); params.insert("source".to_string(), Value::string(&person.source)); params.insert("confidence".to_string(), Value::float(person.confidence)); conn.query_with_params(r#" CREATE (p:Person:Entity { id: $id, name: $name, description: $description, aliases: $aliases, birth_date: date($birth_date), nationality: $nationality, occupation: $occupation, source: $source, confidence: $confidence, created_at: timestamp() }) "#, &params).await?; Ok(person.id.clone()) } #[tokio::main] async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { let client = Client::new("127.0.0.1", 3141).skip_verify(true); let mut conn = client.connect().await?; let mut person = Person { id: String::new(), name: "Marie Curie".to_string(), description: "Polish-French physicist and chemist".to_string(), aliases: vec!["Maria Sklodowska".to_string(), "Madame Curie".to_string()], birth_date: "1867-11-07".to_string(), nationality: "Polish-French".to_string(), occupation: vec!["physicist".to_string(), "chemist".to_string()], source: "wikipedia".to_string(), confidence: 0.99, }; let id = create_person(&mut conn, &mut person).await?; println!("Created person: {}", id); Ok(()) } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-4" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-4-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">import { createClient, Client } from '@geodedb/client'; import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid'; interface Entity { id: string; name: string; description: string; aliases: string[]; source: string; confidence: number; } interface Person extends Entity { birthDate?: string; deathDate?: string; nationality: string; occupation: string[]; } async function createPerson(client: Client, person: Partial<Person>): Promise<string> { const id = uuidv4(); await client.exec(` CREATE (p:Person:Entity { id: $id, name: $name, description: $description, aliases: $aliases, birth_date: date($birth_date), nationality: $nationality, occupation: $occupation, source: $source, confidence: $confidence, created_at: timestamp() }) `, { params: { id, name: person.name, description: person.description, aliases: person.aliases || [], birth_date: person.birthDate, nationality: person.nationality, occupation: person.occupation || [], source: person.source, confidence: person.confidence || 1.0 } }); return id; } async function main() { const client = await createClient('quic://localhost:3141'); const personId = await createPerson(client, { name: 'Marie Curie', description: 'Polish-French physicist and chemist', aliases: ['Maria Sklodowska', 'Madame Curie'], birthDate: '1867-11-07', nationality: 'Polish-French', occupation: ['physicist', 'chemist'], source: 'wikipedia', confidence: 0.99 }); console.log(`Created person: ${personId}`); await client.close(); } main(); </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-5" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884385402963-tab-5-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-zig" data-lang="zig">const std = @import("std"); const geode = @import("geode_client"); const uuid = @import("uuid"); const Person = struct { id: []const u8, name: []const u8, description: []const u8, aliases: []const []const u8, birth_date: []const u8, nationality: []const u8, occupation: []const []const u8, source: []const u8, confidence: f64, }; pub fn createPerson( client: *geode.GeodeClient, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, person: *Person, ) ![]const u8 { const id = uuid.v4(); person.id = &id; var params = std.json.ObjectMap.init(allocator); defer params.deinit(); try params.put("id", .{ .string = &id }); try params.put("name", .{ .string = person.name }); try params.put("description", .{ .string = person.description }); // ... add other parameters try client.sendRunGql(1, \\CREATE (p:Person:Entity { \\ id: $id, \\ name: $name, \\ description: $description, \\ aliases: $aliases, \\ birth_date: date($birth_date), \\ nationality: $nationality, \\ occupation: $occupation, \\ source: $source, \\ confidence: $confidence, \\ created_at: timestamp() \\}) , .{ .object = params }); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); return &id; } pub fn main() !void { var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){}; defer _ = gpa.deinit(); const allocator = gpa.allocator(); var client = geode.GeodeClient.init(allocator, "localhost", 3141, true); defer client.deinit(); try client.connect(); try client.sendHello("knowledge-graph", "1.0.0"); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); var person = Person{ .id = "", .name = "Marie Curie", .description = "Polish-French physicist and chemist", .aliases = &[_][]const u8{ "Maria Sklodowska", "Madame Curie" }, .birth_date = "1867-11-07", .nationality = "Polish-French", .occupation = &[_][]const u8{ "physicist", "chemist" }, .source = "wikipedia", .confidence = 0.99, }; const id = try createPerson(&client, allocator, &person); std.debug.print("Created person: {s}\n", .{id}); } </code></pre></div> </div></div> </div> <h4 id="creating-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Creating Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="creating-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Creating Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Link entities with relationships MATCH (marie:Person {name: "Marie Curie"}) MATCH (sorbonne:Organization {name: "University of Paris"}) CREATE (marie)-[:EDUCATED_AT { degree: "PhD", field: "Physics", year: 1903 }]->(sorbonne) MATCH (marie:Person {name: "Marie Curie"}) MATCH (poland:Location {name: "Poland"}) CREATE (marie)-[:BORN_IN {date: date('1867-11-07')}]->(poland) MATCH (marie:Person {name: "Marie Curie"}) MATCH (pierre:Person {name: "Pierre Curie"}) CREATE (marie)-[:MARRIED_TO { start_date: date('1895-07-26'), end_date: date('1906-04-19') }]->(pierre) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="extracting-entity-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Extracting Entity Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="extracting-entity-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Extracting Entity Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Find all relationships for an entity MATCH (e:Entity {id: $entity_id})-[r]->(related:Entity) RETURN type(r) AS relationship_type, properties(r) AS relationship_properties, related.id AS related_id, related.name AS related_name, labels(related) AS related_types ORDER BY relationship_type // Find incoming relationships UNION MATCH (e:Entity {id: $entity_id})<-[r]-(related:Entity) RETURN type(r) AS relationship_type, properties(r) AS relationship_properties, related.id AS related_id, related.name AS related_name, labels(related) AS related_types ORDER BY relationship_type </code></pre></div> <h3 id="inference-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Inference Patterns <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="inference-patterns" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Inference Patterns"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="type-inference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Inference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-inference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Inference"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Infer nationality from birthplace MATCH (p:Person)-[:BORN_IN]->(loc:Location)-[:LOCATED_IN*0..3]->(country:Location {location_type: 'country'}) WHERE p.nationality IS NULL SET p.inferred_nationality = country.name RETURN p.name, p.inferred_nationality </code></pre></div> <h4 id="transitive-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Transitive Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="transitive-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Transitive Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Find all ancestors (transitive closure) MATCH (person:Person {id: $person_id}) MATCH path = (person)<-[:PARENT_OF*]-(ancestor:Person) RETURN ancestor.name, length(path) AS generations ORDER BY generations // Find organizational hierarchy MATCH (org:Organization {id: $org_id}) MATCH path = (org)-[:SUBSIDIARY_OF*]->(parent:Organization) RETURN parent.name, length(path) AS levels ORDER BY levels </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-inference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Inference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-inference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Inference"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Infer sibling relationships MATCH (p1:Person)<-[:PARENT_OF]-(parent:Person)-[:PARENT_OF]->(p2:Person) WHERE p1 <> p2 AND NOT (p1)-[:SIBLING_OF]-(p2) MERGE (p1)-[:SIBLING_OF {inferred: true}]-(p2) RETURN p1.name, p2.name // Infer colleague relationships MATCH (p1:Person)-[:WORKS_FOR]->(org:Organization)<-[:WORKS_FOR]-(p2:Person) WHERE p1 <> p2 AND NOT (p1)-[:COLLEAGUE_OF]-(p2) MERGE (p1)-[:COLLEAGUE_OF { inferred: true, via_organization: org.name }]-(p2) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="temporal-inference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Temporal Inference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="temporal-inference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Temporal Inference"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Infer if person was alive during event MATCH (person:Person), (event:Event) WHERE person.birth_date <= event.start_date AND (person.death_date IS NULL OR person.death_date >= event.start_date) MERGE (person)-[:CONTEMPORARY_WITH {inferred: true}]->(event) RETURN person.name, event.name </code></pre></div> <h3 id="question-answering-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Question Answering Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="question-answering-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Question Answering Queries"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="simple-factual-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Simple Factual Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="simple-factual-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Simple Factual Queries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// "Where was Marie Curie born?" MATCH (p:Person {name: "Marie Curie"})-[:BORN_IN]->(location:Location) RETURN location.name AS answer // "Who founded Microsoft?" MATCH (p:Person)-[:FOUNDED]->(org:Organization {name: "Microsoft"}) RETURN p.name AS founder // "When did World War II start?" MATCH (e:Event {name: "World War II"}) RETURN e.start_date AS start_date </code></pre></div><div class="docs-tabs mb-4"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="tabs-1774880884418303498" role="tablist"><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link active" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-0-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-0" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-0" aria-selected="true" > Go </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-1" aria-selected="false" > Python </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-2" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-2" aria-selected="false" > Rust </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-3-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-3" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-3" aria-selected="false" > Node.js </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-4-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-4" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-4" aria-selected="false" > Zig </button> </li></ul> <div class="tab-content border border-top-0 rounded-bottom p-3" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-content"><div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-0" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-0-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">type Answer struct { Value interface{} Confidence float64 Source string } func AnswerQuestion(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, question string) (*Answer, error) { // Pattern matching for question types // This would typically use NLP to parse the question // Example: "Where was X born?" if strings.Contains(question, "born") { // Extract entity name from question entityName := extractEntityName(question) row := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, ` MATCH (p:Person {name: ?})-[:BORN_IN]->(location:Location) RETURN location.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source `, entityName) var answer Answer err := row.Scan(&answer.Value, &answer.Confidence, &answer.Source) if err != nil { return nil, err } return &answer, nil } // Add more question patterns... return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not understand question") } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-1-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from dataclasses import dataclass from typing import Any, Optional import re @dataclass class Answer: value: Any confidence: float source: str explanation: Optional[str] = None async def answer_question(client, question: str) -> Optional[Answer]: """Answer a natural language question using the knowledge graph.""" # Pattern: "Where was X born?" born_match = re.match(r"[Ww]here was (.+?) born\??", question) if born_match: entity_name = born_match.group(1) async with client.connection() as conn: result, _ = await conn.query(""" MATCH (p:Person {name: $name})-[:BORN_IN]->(location:Location) RETURN location.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source """, {"name": entity_name}) if result.rows: row = result.rows[0] return Answer( value=row['answer'].as_string, confidence=row['confidence'].as_float, source=row['source'].as_string, explanation=f"{entity_name} was born in {row['answer'].as_string}" ) # Pattern: "Who founded X?" founded_match = re.match(r"[Ww]ho founded (.+?)\??", question) if founded_match: org_name = founded_match.group(1) async with client.connection() as conn: result, _ = await conn.query(""" MATCH (p:Person)-[:FOUNDED]->(org:Organization {name: $name}) RETURN p.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source """, {"name": org_name}) if result.rows: row = result.rows[0] return Answer( value=row['answer'].as_string, confidence=row['confidence'].as_float, source=row['source'].as_string, explanation=f"{row['answer'].as_string} founded {org_name}" ) # Pattern: "What is the capital of X?" capital_match = re.match(r"[Ww]hat is the capital of (.+?)\??", question) if capital_match: country_name = capital_match.group(1) async with client.connection() as conn: result, _ = await conn.query(""" MATCH (capital:Location)-[:CAPITAL_OF]->(country:Location {name: $name}) RETURN capital.name AS answer """, {"name": country_name}) if result.rows: return Answer( value=result.rows[0]['answer'].as_string, confidence=1.0, source="knowledge_graph", explanation=f"The capital of {country_name} is {result.rows[0]['answer'].as_string}" ) return None async def main(): client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) questions = [ "Where was Marie Curie born?", "Who founded Microsoft?", "What is the capital of France?" ] for q in questions: answer = await answer_question(client, q) if answer: print(f"Q: {q}") print(f"A: {answer.value} (confidence: {answer.confidence})") print() </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-2-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">use regex::Regex; #[derive(Debug)] struct Answer { value: String, confidence: f64, source: String, explanation: Option<String>, } async fn answer_question( conn: &mut geode_client::Connection, question: &str, ) -> Result<Option<Answer>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { // Pattern: "Where was X born?" let born_re = Regex::new(r"[Ww]here was (.+?) born\??")?; if let Some(caps) = born_re.captures(question) { let entity_name = &caps[1]; let mut params = HashMap::new(); params.insert("name".to_string(), Value::string(entity_name)); let (page, _) = conn.query_with_params(r#" MATCH (p:Person {name: $name})-[:BORN_IN]->(location:Location) RETURN location.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source "#, &params).await?; if let Some(row) = page.rows.first() { return Ok(Some(Answer { value: row.get("answer").unwrap().as_string()?, confidence: row.get("confidence").unwrap().as_float()?, source: row.get("source").unwrap().as_string()?, explanation: Some(format!("{} was born in {}", entity_name, row.get("answer").unwrap().as_string()?)), })); } } // Pattern: "Who founded X?" let founded_re = Regex::new(r"[Ww]ho founded (.+?)\??")?; if let Some(caps) = founded_re.captures(question) { let org_name = &caps[1]; let mut params = HashMap::new(); params.insert("name".to_string(), Value::string(org_name)); let (page, _) = conn.query_with_params(r#" MATCH (p:Person)-[:FOUNDED]->(org:Organization {name: $name}) RETURN p.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source "#, &params).await?; if let Some(row) = page.rows.first() { return Ok(Some(Answer { value: row.get("answer").unwrap().as_string()?, confidence: row.get("confidence").unwrap().as_float()?, source: row.get("source").unwrap().as_string()?, explanation: Some(format!("{} founded {}", row.get("answer").unwrap().as_string()?, org_name)), })); } } Ok(None) } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-3" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-3-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">interface Answer { value: string; confidence: number; source: string; explanation?: string; } async function answerQuestion(client: Client, question: string): Promise<Answer | null> { // Pattern: "Where was X born?" const bornMatch = question.match(/[Ww]here was (.+?) born\??/); if (bornMatch) { const entityName = bornMatch[1]; const rows = await client.queryAll(` MATCH (p:Person {name: $name})-[:BORN_IN]->(location:Location) RETURN location.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source `, { params: { name: entityName } }); if (rows.length > 0) { const row = rows[0]; return { value: row.get('answer')?.asString ?? '', confidence: row.get('confidence')?.asNumber ?? 0, source: row.get('source')?.asString ?? '', explanation: `${entityName} was born in ${row.get('answer')?.asString}` }; } } // Pattern: "Who founded X?" const foundedMatch = question.match(/[Ww]ho founded (.+?)\??/); if (foundedMatch) { const orgName = foundedMatch[1]; const rows = await client.queryAll(` MATCH (p:Person)-[:FOUNDED]->(org:Organization {name: $name}) RETURN p.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source `, { params: { name: orgName } }); if (rows.length > 0) { const row = rows[0]; return { value: row.get('answer')?.asString ?? '', confidence: row.get('confidence')?.asNumber ?? 0, source: row.get('source')?.asString ?? '', explanation: `${row.get('answer')?.asString} founded ${orgName}` }; } } return null; } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-4" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884418303498-tab-4-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-zig" data-lang="zig">const Answer = struct { value: []const u8, confidence: f64, source: []const u8, explanation: ?[]const u8, }; pub fn answerQuestion( client: *geode.GeodeClient, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, question: []const u8, ) !?Answer { // Pattern matching for "Where was X born?" if (std.mem.indexOf(u8, question, "born")) |_| { // Extract entity name (simplified) const entity_name = extractEntityName(question); var params = std.json.ObjectMap.init(allocator); defer params.deinit(); try params.put("name", .{ .string = entity_name }); try client.sendRunGql(1, \\MATCH (p:Person {name: $name})-[:BORN_IN]->(location:Location) \\RETURN location.name AS answer, p.confidence AS confidence, p.source AS source , .{ .object = params }); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); try client.sendPull(1, 1); const result = try client.receiveMessage(30000); defer allocator.free(result); // Parse result and return Answer // ... } return null; } </code></pre></div> </div></div> </div> <h4 id="complex-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Complex Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="complex-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Complex Queries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// "What scientists won Nobel Prizes in Physics?" MATCH (p:Person)-[:RECEIVED]->(award:Award {name: "Nobel Prize in Physics"}) WHERE "scientist" IN p.occupation OR "physicist" IN p.occupation RETURN p.name AS scientist, award.year AS year ORDER BY award.year // "Which companies were founded by Stanford graduates?" MATCH (founder:Person)-[:EDUCATED_AT]->(:Organization {name: "Stanford University"}) MATCH (founder)-[:FOUNDED]->(company:Organization) RETURN founder.name AS founder, company.name AS company, company.founded_date // "Find all connections between Einstein and Curie" MATCH path = shortestPath( (einstein:Person {name: "Albert Einstein"})-[*..5]-(curie:Person {name: "Marie Curie"}) ) RETURN path // "What events did Marie Curie participate in?" MATCH (marie:Person {name: "Marie Curie"})-[r:PARTICIPATED_IN]->(event:Event) RETURN event.name, r.role, event.start_date ORDER BY event.start_date </code></pre></div> <h4 id="path-based-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Path-Based Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="path-based-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Path-Based Queries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Find how two entities are connected MATCH (e1:Entity {id: $entity1_id}), (e2:Entity {id: $entity2_id}) MATCH path = shortestPath((e1)-[*..6]-(e2)) RETURN [node IN nodes(path) | node.name] AS entity_names, [rel IN relationships(path) | type(rel)] AS relationship_types, length(path) AS path_length // Find all paths between entities MATCH (e1:Entity {id: $entity1_id}), (e2:Entity {id: $entity2_id}) MATCH path = (e1)-[*..4]-(e2) WHERE ALL(n IN nodes(path) WHERE n:Entity) RETURN path LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h3 id="nlp-integration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> NLP Integration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="nlp-integration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: NLP Integration"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="entity-extraction-pipeline" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Entity Extraction Pipeline <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="entity-extraction-pipeline" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Entity Extraction Pipeline"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Store extracted entities from NLP CREATE (mention:Mention { id: $mention_id, text: $surface_form, document_id: $document_id, start_offset: $start_offset, end_offset: $end_offset, confidence: $confidence }) // Link to resolved entity MATCH (mention:Mention {id: $mention_id}) MATCH (entity:Entity {id: $entity_id}) CREATE (mention)-[:REFERS_TO { confidence: $linking_confidence, method: $linking_method }]->(entity) </code></pre></div><div class="docs-tabs mb-4"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="tabs-1774880884443819073" role="tablist"><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link active" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-0-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-0" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-0" aria-selected="true" > Go </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-1-tab" 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aria-controls="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-4" aria-selected="false" > Zig </button> </li></ul> <div class="tab-content border border-top-0 rounded-bottom p-3" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-content"><div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-0" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-0-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">type EntityMention struct { ID string Text string DocumentID string StartOffset int EndOffset int Confidence float64 EntityID string // Resolved entity LinkingConf float64 } func StoreEntityMentions(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, mentions []EntityMention) error { tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil) if err != nil { return err } defer tx.Rollback() for _, m := range mentions { // Create mention node _, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, ` CREATE (mention:Mention { id: ?, text: ?, document_id: ?, start_offset: ?, end_offset: ?, confidence: ? }) `, m.ID, m.Text, m.DocumentID, m.StartOffset, m.EndOffset, m.Confidence) if err != nil { return err } // Link to entity if resolved if m.EntityID != "" { _, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, ` MATCH (mention:Mention {id: ?}) MATCH (entity:Entity {id: ?}) CREATE (mention)-[:REFERS_TO { confidence: ?, method: 'nlp_extraction' }]->(entity) `, m.ID, m.EntityID, m.LinkingConf) if err != nil { return err } } } return tx.Commit() } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-1-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from dataclasses import dataclass from typing import List, Optional @dataclass class EntityMention: id: str text: str document_id: str start_offset: int end_offset: int confidence: float entity_id: Optional[str] = None linking_confidence: float = 0.0 async def store_entity_mentions(client, mentions: List[EntityMention]) -> None: """Store NLP-extracted entity mentions in the knowledge graph.""" async with client.connection() as conn: await conn.begin() try: for mention in mentions: # Create mention node await conn.execute(""" CREATE (mention:Mention { id: $id, text: $text, document_id: $document_id, start_offset: $start_offset, end_offset: $end_offset, confidence: $confidence }) """, { "id": mention.id, "text": mention.text, "document_id": mention.document_id, "start_offset": mention.start_offset, "end_offset": mention.end_offset, "confidence": mention.confidence }) # Link to resolved entity if mention.entity_id: await conn.execute(""" MATCH (mention:Mention {id: $mention_id}) MATCH (entity:Entity {id: $entity_id}) CREATE (mention)-[:REFERS_TO { confidence: $linking_confidence, method: 'nlp_extraction' }]->(entity) """, { "mention_id": mention.id, "entity_id": mention.entity_id, "linking_confidence": mention.linking_confidence }) await conn.commit() except Exception as e: await conn.rollback() raise e # Example: Integration with spaCy import spacy async def extract_and_store_entities(client, document_id: str, text: str): """Extract entities from text using spaCy and store in knowledge graph.""" nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_lg") doc = nlp(text) mentions = [] for ent in doc.ents: mention_id = str(uuid4()) # Try to link to existing entity entity_id = await find_matching_entity(client, ent.text, ent.label_) mentions.append(EntityMention( id=mention_id, text=ent.text, document_id=document_id, start_offset=ent.start_char, end_offset=ent.end_char, confidence=0.9, # spaCy confidence entity_id=entity_id, linking_confidence=0.8 if entity_id else 0.0 )) await store_entity_mentions(client, mentions) return mentions async def find_matching_entity(client, text: str, entity_type: str) -> Optional[str]: """Find matching entity in knowledge graph.""" label_mapping = { "PERSON": "Person", "ORG": "Organization", "GPE": "Location", "LOC": "Location" } kg_label = label_mapping.get(entity_type) if not kg_label: return None async with client.connection() as conn: result, _ = await conn.query(f""" MATCH (e:{kg_label}) WHERE e.name = $name OR $name IN e.aliases RETURN e.id AS id LIMIT 1 """, {"name": text}) if result.rows: return result.rows[0]['id'].as_string return None </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-2-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">#[derive(Debug)] struct EntityMention { id: String, text: String, document_id: String, start_offset: i64, end_offset: i64, confidence: f64, entity_id: Option<String>, linking_confidence: f64, } async fn store_entity_mentions( conn: &mut geode_client::Connection, mentions: &[EntityMention], ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { conn.begin().await?; for mention in mentions { // Create mention node let mut params = HashMap::new(); params.insert("id".to_string(), Value::string(&mention.id)); params.insert("text".to_string(), Value::string(&mention.text)); params.insert("document_id".to_string(), Value::string(&mention.document_id)); params.insert("start_offset".to_string(), Value::int(mention.start_offset)); params.insert("end_offset".to_string(), Value::int(mention.end_offset)); params.insert("confidence".to_string(), Value::float(mention.confidence)); conn.query_with_params(r#" CREATE (mention:Mention { id: $id, text: $text, document_id: $document_id, start_offset: $start_offset, end_offset: $end_offset, confidence: $confidence }) "#, &params).await?; // Link to entity if resolved if let Some(ref entity_id) = mention.entity_id { let mut link_params = HashMap::new(); link_params.insert("mention_id".to_string(), Value::string(&mention.id)); link_params.insert("entity_id".to_string(), Value::string(entity_id)); link_params.insert("linking_confidence".to_string(), Value::float(mention.linking_confidence)); conn.query_with_params(r#" MATCH (mention:Mention {id: $mention_id}) MATCH (entity:Entity {id: $entity_id}) CREATE (mention)-[:REFERS_TO { confidence: $linking_confidence, method: 'nlp_extraction' }]->(entity) "#, &link_params).await?; } } conn.commit().await?; Ok(()) } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-3" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-3-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">interface EntityMention { id: string; text: string; documentId: string; startOffset: number; endOffset: number; confidence: number; entityId?: string; linkingConfidence?: number; } async function storeEntityMentions(client: Client, mentions: EntityMention[]): Promise<void> { await client.withTransaction(async (tx) => { for (const mention of mentions) { // Create mention node await tx.exec(` CREATE (mention:Mention { id: $id, text: $text, document_id: $document_id, start_offset: $start_offset, end_offset: $end_offset, confidence: $confidence }) `, { params: { id: mention.id, text: mention.text, document_id: mention.documentId, start_offset: mention.startOffset, end_offset: mention.endOffset, confidence: mention.confidence } }); // Link to entity if resolved if (mention.entityId) { await tx.exec(` MATCH (mention:Mention {id: $mention_id}) MATCH (entity:Entity {id: $entity_id}) CREATE (mention)-[:REFERS_TO { confidence: $linking_confidence, method: 'nlp_extraction' }]->(entity) `, { params: { mention_id: mention.id, entity_id: mention.entityId, linking_confidence: mention.linkingConfidence || 0 } }); } } }); } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-4" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880884443819073-tab-4-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-zig" data-lang="zig">const EntityMention = struct { id: []const u8, text: []const u8, document_id: []const u8, start_offset: i64, end_offset: i64, confidence: f64, entity_id: ?[]const u8, linking_confidence: f64, }; pub fn storeEntityMentions( client: *geode.GeodeClient, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, mentions: []const EntityMention, ) !void { try client.sendBegin(); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); for (mentions) |mention| { var params = std.json.ObjectMap.init(allocator); defer params.deinit(); try params.put("id", .{ .string = mention.id }); try params.put("text", .{ .string = mention.text }); try params.put("document_id", .{ .string = mention.document_id }); try params.put("start_offset", .{ .integer = mention.start_offset }); try params.put("end_offset", .{ .integer = mention.end_offset }); try params.put("confidence", .{ .float = mention.confidence }); try client.sendRunGql(1, \\CREATE (mention:Mention { \\ id: $id, \\ text: $text, \\ document_id: $document_id, \\ start_offset: $start_offset, \\ end_offset: $end_offset, \\ confidence: $confidence \\}) , .{ .object = params }); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); if (mention.entity_id) |entity_id| { var link_params = std.json.ObjectMap.init(allocator); defer link_params.deinit(); try link_params.put("mention_id", .{ .string = mention.id }); try link_params.put("entity_id", .{ .string = entity_id }); try link_params.put("linking_confidence", .{ .float = mention.linking_confidence }); try client.sendRunGql(2, \\MATCH (mention:Mention {id: $mention_id}) \\MATCH (entity:Entity {id: $entity_id}) \\CREATE (mention)-[:REFERS_TO { \\ confidence: $linking_confidence, \\ method: 'nlp_extraction' \\}]->(entity) , .{ .object = link_params }); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); } } try client.sendCommit(); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); } </code></pre></div> </div></div> </div> <h4 id="relation-extraction" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relation Extraction <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relation-extraction" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relation Extraction"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Store extracted relation CREATE (rel:ExtractedRelation { id: $relation_id, subject_mention_id: $subject_mention_id, object_mention_id: $object_mention_id, relation_type: $relation_type, confidence: $confidence, document_id: $document_id, sentence: $sentence }) // Link to mentions MATCH (rel:ExtractedRelation {id: $relation_id}) MATCH (subject:Mention {id: $subject_mention_id}) MATCH (object:Mention {id: $object_mention_id}) CREATE (rel)-[:HAS_SUBJECT]->(subject) CREATE (rel)-[:HAS_OBJECT]->(object) </code></pre></div> <h3 id="knowledge-graph-population" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Knowledge Graph Population <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="knowledge-graph-population" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Knowledge Graph Population"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="import-from-structured-data" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Import from Structured Data <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="import-from-structured-data" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Import from Structured Data"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Import from CSV LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///people.csv' AS row CREATE (p:Person:Entity { id: row.id, name: row.name, description: row.description, birth_date: date(row.birth_date), nationality: row.nationality, source: 'csv_import', created_at: timestamp() }) // Import relationships from CSV LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///works_for.csv' AS row MATCH (person:Person {id: row.person_id}) MATCH (org:Organization {id: row.org_id}) CREATE (person)-[:WORKS_FOR { start_date: date(row.start_date), end_date: CASE WHEN row.end_date IS NOT NULL THEN date(row.end_date) ELSE null END, role: row.role }]->(org) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="import-from-wikidata" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Import from Wikidata <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="import-from-wikidata" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Import from Wikidata"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Create entities from Wikidata SPARQL results UNWIND $wikidata_results AS item MERGE (e:Entity {wikidata_id: item.id}) ON CREATE SET e.id = randomUUID(), e.name = item.label, e.description = item.description, e.aliases = item.aliases, e.source = 'wikidata', e.confidence = 1.0, e.created_at = timestamp() ON MATCH SET e.name = item.label, e.description = item.description, e.updated_at = timestamp() // Add appropriate label based on Wikidata type WITH e, item CALL { WITH e, item WHERE item.instance_of = 'Q5' // human SET e:Person RETURN e UNION WITH e, item WHERE item.instance_of IN ['Q4830453', 'Q783794'] // company or types SET e:Organization RETURN e UNION WITH e, item WHERE item.instance_of IN ['Q515', 'Q6256'] // city or country SET e:Location RETURN e } RETURN count(e) AS imported_count </code></pre></div> <h4 id="merge-duplicate-entities" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Merge Duplicate Entities <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="merge-duplicate-entities" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Merge Duplicate Entities"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Find potential duplicates MATCH (e1:Entity), (e2:Entity) WHERE e1.name = e2.name AND id(e1) < id(e2) AND labels(e1) = labels(e2) WITH e1, e2, CASE WHEN e1.source = 'wikidata' THEN e1 WHEN e2.source = 'wikidata' THEN e2 WHEN e1.confidence > e2.confidence THEN e1 ELSE e2 END AS keeper, CASE WHEN e1.source = 'wikidata' THEN e2 WHEN e2.source = 'wikidata' THEN e1 WHEN e1.confidence > e2.confidence THEN e2 ELSE e1 END AS duplicate // Merge relationships from duplicate to keeper MATCH (duplicate)-[r]-(other) WHERE NOT other = keeper WITH keeper, duplicate, r, other CREATE (keeper)-[newRel:type(r)]->(other) SET newRel = properties(r) // Add duplicate's aliases to keeper SET keeper.aliases = keeper.aliases + duplicate.aliases + [duplicate.name] // Delete duplicate DETACH DELETE duplicate </code></pre></div> <h3 id="analytics-and-quality" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Analytics and Quality <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="analytics-and-quality" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Analytics and Quality"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="knowledge-graph-statistics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Knowledge Graph Statistics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="knowledge-graph-statistics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Knowledge Graph Statistics"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Count entities by type MATCH (e:Entity) WITH labels(e) AS entity_labels UNWIND entity_labels AS label WHERE label <> 'Entity' RETURN label AS entity_type, count(*) AS count ORDER BY count DESC // Count relationships by type MATCH ()-[r]->() RETURN type(r) AS relationship_type, count(r) AS count ORDER BY count DESC // Calculate graph density MATCH (n) WITH count(n) AS node_count MATCH ()-[r]->() WITH node_count, count(r) AS edge_count RETURN node_count, edge_count, toFloat(edge_count) / (node_count * (node_count - 1)) AS density </code></pre></div> <h4 id="data-quality-checks" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Quality Checks <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-quality-checks" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Quality Checks"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">// Find entities without relationships MATCH (e:Entity) WHERE NOT (e)-[]-() RETURN e.id, e.name, labels(e) AS types LIMIT 100 // Find low confidence entities MATCH (e:Entity) WHERE e.confidence < 0.5 RETURN e.id, e.name, e.confidence, e.source ORDER BY e.confidence // Find entities with missing required properties MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.name IS NULL OR p.name = '' RETURN p.id, p.source // Find orphan mentions (not linked to entities) MATCH (m:Mention) WHERE NOT (m)-[:REFERS_TO]->() RETURN m.id, m.text, m.document_id LIMIT 100 </code></pre></div> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/guides/fraud-detection/" >Fraud Detection Guide</a> - Pattern detection in knowledge graphs</li> <li><a href="/guides/recommendations/" >Recommendation Engine Guide</a> - Entity recommendations</li> <li><a href="/guides/query-performance/" >Query Performance Guide</a> - Optimize knowledge graph queries</li> <li><a href="/guides/data-import/" >Data Import Guide</a> - Import knowledge from external sources</li> </ul> <h3 id="resources" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Resources <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="resources" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Resources"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/" >GQL Reference</a> </li> <li><a href="/guides/graph-modeling/" >Graph Modeling Guide</a> </li> <li><a href="https://query.wikidata.org/" aria-label="Wikidata Query Service – opens in new window" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >Wikidata Query Service ↗ </a> </li> <li><a href="https://gitlab.com/devnw/codepros/geode/examples" aria-label="Example Applications – opens in new window" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >Example Applications ↗ </a> </li> </ul> <hr> Questions? Join our <a href="https://forum.geodedb.com" aria-label="community forum – opens in new window" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >community forum ↗ </a> to discuss knowledge graph implementations.

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