MATCH Basics Tutorial | Geode Database

<h2 id="match-basics-tutorial" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> MATCH Basics Tutorial <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="match-basics-tutorial" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: MATCH Basics Tutorial"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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const input = modal.querySelector('#headingShareInput'); const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-copy'); const twitter = modal.querySelector('#share-twitter'); const linkedin = modal.querySelector('#share-linkedin'); const facebook = modal.querySelector('#share-facebook'); const closeBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-close'); let lastFocus=null; let trapBound=false; function buildUrl(id){ return window.location.origin + window.location.pathname + '#' + id; } function isOpen(){ return !modal.hasAttribute('hidden'); } function hydrate(id){ const url=buildUrl(id); input.value=url; const enc=encodeURIComponent(url); const text=encodeURIComponent(document.title); if(twitter) twitter.href=`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=${enc}&text=${text}`; if(linkedin) linkedin.href=`https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=${enc}`; if(facebook) facebook.href=`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${enc}`; } function openModal(id){ lastFocus=document.activeElement; hydrate(id); if(!isOpen()){ modal.removeAttribute('hidden'); } requestAnimationFrame(()=>{ input.focus(); }); trapFocus(); } function closeModal(){ if(!isOpen()) return; modal.setAttribute('hidden',''); if(lastFocus && typeof lastFocus.focus==='function') lastFocus.focus(); } function copyCurrent(){ try{ navigator.clipboard.writeText(input.value).then(()=>feedback(true),()=>fallback()); } catch(e){ fallback(); } } function fallback(){ input.select(); try{ document.execCommand('copy'); feedback(true);}catch(e){ feedback(false);} } function feedback(ok){ if(!copyBtn) return; const icon=copyBtn.querySelector('i'); if(!icon) return; const prev=copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')||icon.className; if(!copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')) copyBtn.setAttribute('data-prev',prev); icon.className= ok ? 'fa-duotone fa-clipboard-check':'fa-duotone fa-circle-exclamation'; setTimeout(()=>{ icon.className=prev; },1800); } function handleShareClick(e){ e.preventDefault(); const btn=e.currentTarget; const id=btn.getAttribute('data-share-target'); if(id) openModal(id); } function bindShareButtons(){ document.querySelectorAll('.h-share').forEach(btn=>{ if(!btn.dataset.hShareBound){ btn.addEventListener('click', handleShareClick); btn.dataset.hShareBound='1'; } }); } bindShareButtons(); if(document.readyState==='loading'){ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bindShareButtons); } else { requestAnimationFrame(bindShareButtons); } document.addEventListener('click', function(e){ const shareBtn=e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.h-share'); if(shareBtn && !shareBtn.dataset.hShareBound){ handleShareClick.call(shareBtn, e); } }, true); document.addEventListener('click', e=>{ if(e.target===modal) closeModal(); if(e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-close')){ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); } if(copyBtn && (e.target===copyBtn || (e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-copy')))) { e.preventDefault(); copyCurrent(); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{ if(e.key==='Escape' && isOpen()) closeModal(); }); function trapFocus(){ if(trapBound) return; trapBound=true; modal.addEventListener('keydown', f=>{ if(f.key==='Tab' && isOpen()){ const focusable=[...modal.querySelectorAll('a[href],button,input,textarea,select,[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])')].filter(el=>!el.hasAttribute('disabled')); if(!focusable.length) return; const first=focusable[0]; const last=focusable[focusable.length-1]; if(f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===first){ f.preventDefault(); last.focus(); } else if(!f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===last){ f.preventDefault(); first.focus(); } } }); } if(closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', e=>{ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); }); })(); </script>Learn fundamental pattern matching with GQL in this hands-on 10-minute tutorial. <h3 id="prerequisites" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Prerequisites <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="prerequisites" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Prerequisites"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li>Geode server running (<code>geode serve</code>)</li> <li>Access to Geode shell (<code>geode shell</code>) or a client library</li> <li>No prior graph database experience required</li> </ul> <h4 id="connect-with-client-libraries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Connect with Client Libraries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="connect-with-client-libraries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Connect with Client Libraries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="docs-tabs mb-4"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="tabs-1774880891701521689" role="tablist"><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link active" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-0-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-0" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-0" aria-selected="true" > Go </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-1" aria-selected="false" > Python </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-2" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-2" aria-selected="false" > Rust </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-3-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-3" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-3" aria-selected="false" > Node.js </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-4-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-4" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-4" aria-selected="false" > Zig </button> </li></ul> <div class="tab-content border border-top-0 rounded-bottom p-3" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-content"><div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-0" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-0-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">import ( "database/sql" _ "geodedb.com/geode" ) db, err := sql.Open("geode", "localhost:3141") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer db.Close() </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-1-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">from geode_client import Client client = Client(host="localhost", port=3141, skip_verify=True) # Use: async with client.connection() as conn: </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-2-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">use geode_client::Client; let client = Client::new("127.0.0.1", 3141).skip_verify(true); let mut conn = client.connect().await?; </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-3" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-3-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">import { createClient } from '@geodedb/client'; const client = await createClient('quic://localhost:3141'); </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-4" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891701521689-tab-4-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-zig" data-lang="zig">const geode = @import("geode_client"); var client = geode.GeodeClient.init(allocator, "localhost", 3141, true); try client.connect(); try client.sendHello("match-tutorial", "1.0.0"); _ = try client.receiveMessage(30000); </code></pre></div> </div></div> </div> <h3 id="tutorial-overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Tutorial Overview <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="tutorial-overview" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Tutorial Overview"> Share link </button> </h3>Time: 10 minutes Difficulty: Beginner Topics: Graph creation, node creation, relationships, basic queries By the end of this tutorial, you’ll be able to: <ul> <li>Create a graph and add nodes</li> <li>Create relationships between nodes</li> <li>Query nodes with pattern matching</li> <li>Filter results with WHERE clauses</li> <li>Return specific properties</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-1-create-a-graph" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 1: Create a Graph <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-1-create-a-graph" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 1: Create a Graph"> Share link </button> </h3>Start by creating a new graph for this tutorial: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE GRAPH SocialNetwork; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">Graph 'SocialNetwork' created successfully </code></pre></div>Switch to using the graph: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">USE SocialNetwork; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">Using graph 'SocialNetwork' </code></pre></div> <h4 id="what-you-learned" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>CREATE GRAPH</code> creates a new named graph</li> <li><code>USE</code> switches your session to work with a specific graph</li> <li>Graph names are case-sensitive</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-2-create-nodes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 2: Create Nodes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-2-create-nodes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 2: Create Nodes"> Share link </button> </h3>Create three person nodes with properties: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30}), (:Person {name: "Bob", age: 25}), (:Person {name: "Charlie", age: 35}); </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">Created 3 nodes </code></pre></div> <h4 id="node-syntax-breakdown" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Node Syntax Breakdown <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="node-syntax-breakdown" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Node Syntax Breakdown"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">(:Label {property: value, ...}) </code></pre></div><ul> <li><code>()</code> - Node pattern</li> <li><code>:Label</code> - Node label (type)</li> <li><code>{...}</code> - Property map</li> <li><code>property: value</code> - Key-value pairs</li> </ul> <h4 id="what-you-learned-1" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-1" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Nodes have labels (like <code>:Person</code>)</li> <li>Nodes can have multiple properties</li> <li><code>CREATE</code> can create multiple nodes in one statement</li> <li>Properties use JSON-like syntax</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-3-create-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 3: Create Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-3-create-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 3: Create Relationships"> Share link </button> </h3>Connect Alice and Bob with a KNOWS relationship: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2020}]->(b); </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">Created 1 relationship </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-syntax-breakdown" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Syntax Breakdown <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-syntax-breakdown" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Syntax Breakdown"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">(a)-[:TYPE {property: value}]->(b) </code></pre></div><ul> <li><code>(a)</code> and <code>(b)</code> - Start and end nodes</li> <li><code>-[:TYPE]-></code> - Directed relationship with type</li> <li><code>{...}</code> - Relationship properties</li> </ul> <h4 id="what-you-learned-2" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-2" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>MATCH</code> finds existing nodes</li> <li>Relationships connect two nodes</li> <li>Relationships have types (like <code>:KNOWS</code>)</li> <li>Relationships can have properties</li> <li><code>-></code> indicates direction</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-4-query-all-nodes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 4: Query All Nodes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-4-query-all-nodes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 4: Query All Nodes"> Share link </button> </h3>Retrieve all person nodes: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="execute-with-client-libraries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Execute with Client Libraries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="execute-with-client-libraries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Execute with Client Libraries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="docs-tabs mb-4"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="tabs-1774880891705488042" role="tablist"><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link active" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-0-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-0" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-0" aria-selected="true" > Go </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-1" aria-selected="false" > Python </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-2" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-2" aria-selected="false" > Rust </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-3-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-3" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-3" aria-selected="false" > Node.js </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-4-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-4" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-4" aria-selected="false" > Zig </button> </li></ul> <div class="tab-content border border-top-0 rounded-bottom p-3" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-content"><div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-0" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-0-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx, "MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer rows.Close() for rows.Next() { var name string var age int if err := rows.Scan(&name, &age); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Printf("%s: %d\n", name, age) } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-1-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">async with client.connection() as conn: page, _ = await conn.query("MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age") for row in page.rows: name = row["p.name"].as_string age = row["p.age"].as_int print(f"{name}: {age}") </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-2-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">let (page, _) = conn.query("MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age").await?; for row in &page.rows { let name = row.get("p.name").unwrap().as_string()?; let age = row.get("p.age").unwrap().as_int()?; println!("{}: {}", name, age); } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-3" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-3-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">const rows = await client.queryAll('MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age'); for (const row of rows) { const name = row.get('p.name')?.asString; const age = row.get('p.age')?.asNumber; console.log(`${name}: ${age}`); } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-4" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891705488042-tab-4-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-zig" data-lang="zig">try client.sendRunGql(1, "MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age", null); const schema = try client.receiveMessage(30000); defer allocator.free(schema); try client.sendPull(1, 1000); const result = try client.receiveMessage(30000); defer allocator.free(result); // Parse JSON response std.debug.print("Result: {s}\n", .{result}); </code></pre></div> </div></div> </div> Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">name | age ---------|---- Alice | 30 Bob | 25 Charlie | 35 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="query-breakdown" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Breakdown <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-breakdown" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Breakdown"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>MATCH (p:Person)</code> - Find all Person nodes, bind to variable <code>p</code></li> <li><code>RETURN p.name, p.age</code> - Return specific properties</li> <li>Variables (<code>p</code>) are used to reference matched elements</li> </ul> <h4 id="what-you-learned-3" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-3" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>MATCH</code> patterns find nodes in the graph</li> <li>Variables bind matched elements for later use</li> <li><code>RETURN</code> specifies which data to output</li> <li>Property access uses dot notation (<code>p.name</code>)</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-5-filter-with-where" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 5: Filter with WHERE <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-5-filter-with-where" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 5: Filter with WHERE"> Share link </button> </h3>Find people older than 26: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 26 RETURN p.name, p.age ORDER BY p.age DESC; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">name | age ---------|---- Charlie | 35 Alice | 30 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="query-breakdown-1" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Breakdown <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-breakdown-1" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Breakdown"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>WHERE p.age > 26</code> - Filter condition</li> <li><code>ORDER BY p.age DESC</code> - Sort results (descending)</li> <li>Only nodes matching the condition are returned</li> </ul> <h4 id="comparison-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Comparison Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="comparison-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Comparison Operators"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">= -- Equal <> -- Not equal < -- Less than <= -- Less than or equal > -- Greater than >= -- Greater than or equal </code></pre></div> <h4 id="what-you-learned-4" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-4" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>WHERE</code> filters matched nodes</li> <li>Comparison operators work like SQL</li> <li><code>ORDER BY</code> sorts results</li> <li><code>DESC</code> = descending, <code>ASC</code> = ascending (default)</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-6-query-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 6: Query Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-6-query-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 6: Query Relationships"> Share link </button> </h3>Find all KNOWS relationships: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) RETURN a.name AS from, b.name AS to, k.since AS year; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="execute-with-client-libraries-1" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Execute with Client Libraries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="execute-with-client-libraries-1" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Execute with Client Libraries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="docs-tabs mb-4"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="tabs-1774880891711770497" role="tablist"><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link active" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-0-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-0" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-0" aria-selected="true" > Go </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-1-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-1" aria-selected="false" > Python </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-2-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-2" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-2" aria-selected="false" > Rust </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-3-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-3" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-3" aria-selected="false" > Node.js </button> </li><li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <button class="nav-link" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-4-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-4" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-4" aria-selected="false" > Zig </button> </li></ul> <div class="tab-content border border-top-0 rounded-bottom p-3" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-content"><div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-0" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-0-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go">rows, _ := db.QueryContext(ctx, ` MATCH (a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) RETURN a.name AS from, b.name AS to, k.since AS year `) defer rows.Close() for rows.Next() { var from, to string var year int rows.Scan(&from, &to, &year) fmt.Printf("%s knows %s since %d\n", from, to, year) } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-1-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">page, _ = await conn.query(""" MATCH (a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) RETURN a.name AS from, b.name AS to, k.since AS year """) for row in page.rows: print(f"{row['from'].as_string} knows {row['to'].as_string} since {row['year'].as_int}") </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-2-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust">let (page, _) = conn.query(r#" MATCH (a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) RETURN a.name AS from, b.name AS to, k.since AS year "#).await?; for row in &page.rows { println!("{} knows {} since {}", row.get("from").unwrap().as_string()?, row.get("to").unwrap().as_string()?, row.get("year").unwrap().as_int()?); } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-3" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-3-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-typescript" data-lang="typescript">const rows = await client.queryAll(` MATCH (a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) RETURN a.name AS from, b.name AS to, k.since AS year `); for (const row of rows) { console.log(`${row.get('from')?.asString} knows ${row.get('to')?.asString} since ${row.get('year')?.asNumber}`); } </code></pre></div> </div><div class="tab-pane fade" id="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-4" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tabs-1774880891711770497-tab-4-tab" > <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-zig" data-lang="zig">try client.sendRunGql(1, \\MATCH (a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) \\RETURN a.name AS from, b.name AS to, k.since AS year , null); const schema = try client.receiveMessage(30000); defer allocator.free(schema); try client.sendPull(1, 1000); const result = try client.receiveMessage(30000); defer allocator.free(result); std.debug.print("Result: {s}\n", .{result}); </code></pre></div> </div></div> </div> Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">from | to | year -------|-----|------ Alice | Bob | 2020 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-pattern-breakdown" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Pattern Breakdown <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-pattern-breakdown" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Pattern Breakdown"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">(a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) </code></pre></div><ul> <li><code>(a:Person)</code> - Source node</li> <li><code>-[k:KNOWS]-></code> - Relationship with type, bound to variable <code>k</code></li> <li><code>(b:Person)</code> - Target node</li> <li>Matches only relationships from Person to Person</li> </ul> <h4 id="column-aliases" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Column Aliases <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="column-aliases" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Column Aliases"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN a.name AS from </code></pre></div><ul> <li><code>AS</code> creates column alias</li> <li>Makes output more readable</li> <li>Useful for complex expressions</li> </ul> <h4 id="what-you-learned-5" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-5" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Relationships are matched with <code>-[variable:TYPE]-></code></li> <li>Relationship properties are accessed like node properties</li> <li><code>AS</code> creates column aliases for output</li> <li>Relationship patterns specify source and target nodes</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-7-bidirectional-matching" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 7: Bidirectional Matching <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-7-bidirectional-matching" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 7: Bidirectional Matching"> Share link </button> </h3>Create a bidirectional relationship: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (b:Person {name: "Bob"}), (c:Person {name: "Charlie"}) CREATE (b)-[:KNOWS]->(c); </code></pre></div>Now query without direction: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p1:Person)-[:KNOWS]-(p2:Person) WHERE p1.name = "Bob" RETURN p1.name, p2.name; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">name | name -----|-------- Bob | Alice Bob | Charlie </code></pre></div> <h4 id="undirected-vs-directed" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Undirected vs Directed <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="undirected-vs-directed" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Undirected vs Directed"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-[:KNOWS]- -- Matches either direction -[:KNOWS]-> -- Matches only left-to-right <-[:KNOWS]- -- Matches only right-to-left </code></pre></div> <h4 id="what-you-learned-6" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-6" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Omit <code>></code> or <code><</code> for bidirectional matching</li> <li>Same relationship can be traversed in either direction</li> <li><code>WHERE</code> can filter on matched variables</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-8-multiple-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 8: Multiple Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-8-multiple-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 8: Multiple Relationships"> Share link </button> </h3>Create more connections: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (c:Person {name: "Charlie"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS]->(c); MATCH (c:Person {name: "Charlie"}), (a:Person {name: "Alice"}) CREATE (c)-[:LIKES]->(a); </code></pre></div>Query multiple relationship types: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p1:Person)-[r]->(p2:Person) RETURN p1.name, type(r) AS relationship_type, p2.name ORDER BY p1.name, relationship_type; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">name | relationship_type | name --------|-------------------|-------- Alice | KNOWS | Bob Alice | KNOWS | Charlie Bob | KNOWS | Charlie Charlie | LIKES | Alice </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-type-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Type Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-type-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Type Functions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">type(r) -- Returns relationship type as string </code></pre></div> <h4 id="what-you-learned-7" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-7" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>[r]</code> without type matches any relationship</li> <li><code>type(r)</code> function returns relationship type</li> <li>Multiple relationship types can exist between same nodes</li> <li>Results can be sorted by multiple columns</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-9-count-aggregation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 9: Count Aggregation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-9-count-aggregation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 9: Count Aggregation"> Share link </button> </h3>Count nodes and relationships: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Count all people MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p) AS total_people; -- Count relationships MATCH ()-[r:KNOWS]->() RETURN count(r) AS total_knows; -- Count per person MATCH (p:Person)-[r:KNOWS]->() RETURN p.name, count(r) AS connections ORDER BY connections DESC; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">total_people ------------ 3 total_knows ----------- 3 name | connections --------|------------ Alice | 2 Bob | 1 Charlie | 0 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="aggregation-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Aggregation Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="aggregation-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Aggregation Functions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">count(x) -- Count non-null values sum(x) -- Sum numeric values avg(x) -- Average min(x) -- Minimum max(x) -- Maximum </code></pre></div> <h4 id="what-you-learned-8" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-8" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>count()</code> aggregates matched elements</li> <li>Aggregations collapse multiple rows</li> <li>Can combine aggregations with grouping</li> <li><code>ORDER BY</code> works with aggregated values</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-10-pattern-variables" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 10: Pattern Variables <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-10-pattern-variables" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 10: Pattern Variables"> Share link </button> </h3>Match multi-hop paths: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Find friends of friends MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS]->()-[:KNOWS]->(fof:Person) WHERE fof <> a RETURN DISTINCT fof.name AS friend_of_friend; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">friend_of_friend ---------------- Charlie </code></pre></div> <h4 id="pattern-breakdown" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Pattern Breakdown <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="pattern-breakdown" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Pattern Breakdown"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>()-[:KNOWS]->()</code> - Anonymous intermediate node</li> <li><code>fof <> a</code> - Exclude Alice herself</li> <li><code>DISTINCT</code> - Remove duplicates</li> </ul> <h4 id="what-you-learned-9" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-9" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Anonymous nodes <code>()</code> match any node</li> <li>Multi-hop patterns traverse multiple relationships</li> <li><code><></code> is “not equal” operator</li> <li><code>DISTINCT</code> removes duplicate results</li> </ul> <h3 id="complete-example-social-network-analysis" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Complete Example: Social Network Analysis <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="complete-example-social-network-analysis" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Complete Example: Social Network Analysis"> Share link </button> </h3>Put it all together: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create a larger network CREATE (:Person {name: "David", age: 28}), (:Person {name: "Emma", age: 32}); MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (d:Person {name: "David"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2021}]->(d); MATCH (b:Person {name: "Bob"}), (e:Person {name: "Emma"}) CREATE (b)-[:KNOWS {since: 2019}]->(e); -- Find most connected people MATCH (p:Person) OPTIONAL MATCH (p)-[r:KNOWS]-() RETURN p.name, p.age, count(r) AS connections ORDER BY connections DESC, p.age ASC; </code></pre></div>Expected output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">name | age | connections --------|-----|------------ Alice | 30 | 3 Bob | 25 | 2 Charlie | 35 | 0 David | 28 | 0 Emma | 32 | 0 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="what-you-learned-10" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What You Learned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-you-learned-10" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What You Learned"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><code>OPTIONAL MATCH</code> returns null if no match (like LEFT JOIN)</li> <li>Combine multiple <code>ORDER BY</code> criteria</li> <li>Build complex queries incrementally</li> </ul> <h3 id="common-patterns-reference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Common Patterns Reference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="common-patterns-reference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Common Patterns Reference"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="find-node-by-property" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Find Node by Property <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="find-node-by-property" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Find Node by Property"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Label {property: value}) RETURN n; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="find-related-nodes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Find Related Nodes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="find-related-nodes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Find Related Nodes"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a:Label1)-[:REL_TYPE]->(b:Label2) RETURN a, b; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="filter-with-multiple-conditions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Filter with Multiple Conditions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="filter-with-multiple-conditions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Filter with Multiple Conditions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Label) WHERE n.prop1 > 10 AND n.prop2 = 'value' RETURN n; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="count-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Count Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="count-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Count Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n)-[r:TYPE]-() RETURN n, count(r) AS rel_count; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="find-paths" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Find Paths <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="find-paths" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Find Paths"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH path = (a)-[:TYPE*1..3]->(b) RETURN path; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="practice-exercises" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Practice Exercises <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="practice-exercises" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Practice Exercises"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="exercise-1-create-your-own-network" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Exercise 1: Create Your Own Network <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="exercise-1-create-your-own-network" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Exercise 1: Create Your Own Network"> Share link </button> </h4>Create a network of movies and actors: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE GRAPH MovieNetwork; USE MovieNetwork; -- Create movies CREATE (:Movie {title: "The Matrix", year: 1999}), (:Movie {title: "John Wick", year: 2014}); -- Create actors CREATE (:Actor {name: "Keanu Reeves", born: 1964}), (:Actor {name: "Laurence Fishburne", born: 1961}); -- Connect actors to movies MATCH (k:Actor {name: "Keanu Reeves"}), (m1:Movie {title: "The Matrix"}) CREATE (k)-[:ACTED_IN {role: "Neo"}]->(m1); MATCH (k:Actor {name: "Keanu Reeves"}), (m2:Movie {title: "John Wick"}) CREATE (k)-[:ACTED_IN {role: "John Wick"}]->(m2); MATCH (l:Actor {name: "Laurence Fishburne"}), (m:Movie {title: "The Matrix"}) CREATE (l)-[:ACTED_IN {role: "Morpheus"}]->(m); </code></pre></div>Questions: <ol> <li>Find all actors in “The Matrix”</li> <li>Find all movies featuring Keanu Reeves</li> <li>Count how many movies each actor has been in</li> <li>Find actors who appeared in the same movie</li> </ol> <h4 id="exercise-2-add-more-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Exercise 2: Add More Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="exercise-2-add-more-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Exercise 2: Add More Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4>Extend the social network: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">USE SocialNetwork; -- Add workplace MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"}) CREATE (a)-[:WORKS_WITH]->(b); -- Add location MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.name IN ["Alice", "Bob"] SET p.city = "Seattle"; MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.name = "Charlie" SET p.city = "Portland"; </code></pre></div>Questions: <ol> <li>Find people who both know each other AND work together</li> <li>Find people in the same city</li> <li>Count relationships per person (all types)</li> </ol> <h4 id="exercise-3-complex-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Exercise 3: Complex Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="exercise-3-complex-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Exercise 3: Complex Queries"> Share link </button> </h4>Challenge yourself: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Find triangles (3 people who all know each other) MATCH (a:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(b:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(c:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(a) RETURN a.name, b.name, c.name; -- Find people with no connections MATCH (p:Person) WHERE NOT EXISTS ((p)-[:KNOWS]-()) RETURN p.name; -- Calculate average age by city MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, avg(p.age) AS avg_age, count(p) AS population ORDER BY avg_age DESC; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="solutions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Solutions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="solutions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Solutions"> Share link </button> </h3><details> <summary>Exercise 1 Solutions</summary> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- 1. Find all actors in "The Matrix" MATCH (a:Actor)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie {title: "The Matrix"}) RETURN a.name, a.born; -- 2. Find all movies featuring Keanu Reeves MATCH (k:Actor {name: "Keanu Reeves"})-[r:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie) RETURN m.title, m.year, r.role; -- 3. Count movies per actor MATCH (a:Actor)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie) RETURN a.name, count(m) AS movie_count ORDER BY movie_count DESC; -- 4. Find co-actors MATCH (a1:Actor)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m:Movie)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(a2:Actor) WHERE a1 <> a2 RETURN a1.name, a2.name, m.title; </code></pre></div></details> <details> <summary>Exercise 2 Solutions</summary> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- 1. People who know each other AND work together MATCH (a:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(b:Person) WHERE EXISTS ((a)-[:WORKS_WITH]->(b)) RETURN a.name, b.name; -- 2. People in same city MATCH (p1:Person), (p2:Person) WHERE p1.city = p2.city AND p1 <> p2 RETURN DISTINCT p1.name, p2.name, p1.city; -- 3. Count all relationships per person MATCH (p:Person) OPTIONAL MATCH (p)-[r]-() RETURN p.name, count(r) AS total_connections ORDER BY total_connections DESC; </code></pre></div></details> <h3 id="troubleshooting" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Troubleshooting <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="troubleshooting" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Troubleshooting"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="common-errors" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Common Errors <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="common-errors" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Common Errors"> Share link </button> </h4>Error: “Graph ‘SocialNetwork’ not found” <ul> <li>Solution: Run <code>CREATE GRAPH SocialNetwork</code> first</li> </ul> Error: “Variable ‘p’ not defined” <ul> <li>Solution: Ensure variable is defined in MATCH clause before using in RETURN</li> </ul> Error: “Node with label ‘Person’ and properties {name: ‘Alice’} not found” <ul> <li>Solution: Check node exists with <code>MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name</code></li> </ul> <h4 id="performance-tips" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Performance Tips <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="performance-tips" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Performance Tips"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Use specific labels instead of matching all nodes</li> <li>Filter early with WHERE clauses</li> <li>Create indexes on frequently queried properties (see <a href="/docs/tutorials/indexing-tutorial/" >Indexing Tutorial</a> )</li> <li>Limit results with <code>LIMIT</code> when testing large datasets</li> </ul> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3>Now that you understand MATCH basics, continue learning: <ol> <li><a href="/docs/tutorials/indexing-tutorial/" >Indexing Tutorial</a> - Optimize query performance</li> <li><a href="/docs/tutorials/graph-algorithms-tutorial/" >Graph Algorithms Tutorial</a> - PageRank, community detection</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Complete language reference</li> <li><a href="/docs/model/data-model-and-types/" >Data Model</a> - Property graph concepts</li> </ol> <h3 id="quick-reference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Quick Reference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="quick-reference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Quick Reference"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="node-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Node Patterns <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="node-patterns" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Node Patterns"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">() -- Any node (:Label) -- Node with label ({prop: value}) -- Node with property (:Label {prop: val}) -- Both label and property (n) -- Bind to variable n </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Patterns <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-patterns" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Patterns"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-[:TYPE]-> -- Directed relationship -[:TYPE]- -- Any direction <-[:TYPE]- -- Reverse direction -[r:TYPE]-> -- Bind to variable r -[{prop: val}]-> -- With properties </code></pre></div> <h4 id="clauses" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Clauses <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="clauses" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Clauses"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE -- Create nodes/relationships MATCH -- Find patterns WHERE -- Filter conditions RETURN -- Output results ORDER BY -- Sort results LIMIT -- Restrict result count DISTINCT -- Remove duplicates </code></pre></div> <h4 id="functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Functions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">count(x) -- Count elements type(r) -- Relationship type EXISTS(pattern) -- Check pattern exists </code></pre></div><hr> Tutorial Complete! You now understand the fundamentals of pattern matching in GQL. Next: <a href="/docs/tutorials/indexing-tutorial/" >Indexing and Optimization Tutorial</a>