Complete GQL API Reference

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Features align with the ISO/IEC 39075:2024 compliance. Auto-generated from: <code>src/gql/language_metadata.zig</code> Last updated: 2026-01-03 GQL Conformance Profile: ISO/IEC 39075:2024 compliance (see conformance profile) <h4 id="quick-navigation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Quick Navigation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="quick-navigation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Quick Navigation"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/reference/api-reference-complete/#keywords" >Keywords</a> - GQL language keywords</li> <li><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/reference/api-reference-complete/#functions" >Functions</a> - Built-in functions</li> <li><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/reference/api-reference-complete/#data-types" >Data Types</a> - Type system</li> <li><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/reference/api-reference-complete/#operators" >Operators</a> - Expression operators</li> <li><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/reference/api-reference-complete/#procedures" >Procedures</a> - Graph algorithms</li> </ul> <h3 id="keywords" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Keywords <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="keywords" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Keywords"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="clause-keywords" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Clause Keywords <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="clause-keywords" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Clause Keywords"> Share link </button> </h4>Keywords used to define query clauses and structure: <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Keyword</th> <th>Description</th> <th>GQL Standard</th> <th>Example</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>CALL</code></td> <td>Invoke a procedure</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CALL algo.pagerank.stream()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>CASE</code></td> <td>Begin conditional expression</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CASE WHEN n.age > 18 THEN 'adult' END</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>CREATE</code></td> <td>Create nodes or edges</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CREATE (n:Person {name: 'Alice'})</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>DELETE</code></td> <td>Delete nodes or edges</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>DELETE n</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>DETACH</code></td> <td>Detach delete (remove edges first)</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>DETACH DELETE n</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>ELSE</code></td> <td>Else branch in CASE</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CASE ... ELSE 'default' END</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>END</code></td> <td>End of CASE expression</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CASE ... END</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>EXPLAIN</code></td> <td>Show query execution plan</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>EXPLAIN MATCH (n) RETURN n</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>FILTER</code></td> <td>Filter clause</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>MATCH p = (a)-[*]-(b) WHERE all(r IN relationships(p) WHERE r.weight > 0)</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>FINISH</code></td> <td>Finish linear graph query</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>FINISH</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>FOREACH</code></td> <td>Iterate over a list</td> <td>Extension</td> <td>`FOREACH (x IN [1,2,3]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>FROM</code></td> <td>Source specification</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>SELECT * FROM users</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>INSERT</code></td> <td>Insert data</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>INSERT (n:Person {name: 'Bob'})</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>JOIN</code></td> <td>Join operation</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>FROM users u JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>LET</code></td> <td>Variable binding</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>LET x = 10 IN RETURN x</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>LIMIT</code></td> <td>Limit number of results</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>RETURN n LIMIT 10</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>LOAD</code></td> <td>Load data from file</td> <td>Extension</td> <td><code>LOAD CSV FROM 'data.csv' AS row</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>MATCH</code></td> <td>Pattern matching clause</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>MATCH (n:Person) RETURN n</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>MERGE</code></td> <td>Match or create pattern</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>MERGE (n:Person {id: 123})</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>OFFSET</code></td> <td>Skip results (alias for SKIP)</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>RETURN n OFFSET 10</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>OTHERWISE</code></td> <td>Otherwise branch</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CASE ... OTHERWISE 'default' END</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>PROFILE</code></td> <td>Profile query execution</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>PROFILE MATCH (n) RETURN n</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>REMOVE</code></td> <td>Remove properties or labels</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>REMOVE n.age, n:OldLabel</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>REPLACE</code></td> <td>Replace existing data</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>REPLACE (n:Person {id: 1, name: 'Updated'})</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>RETURN</code></td> <td>Return results from query</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>MATCH (n) RETURN n.name</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SCAN</code></td> <td>Table scan operation</td> <td>Extension</td> <td><code>SCAN TABLE users</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SELECT</code></td> <td>Select clause (table-like)</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>SELECT name, age FROM Person</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SET</code></td> <td>Set properties or variables</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>SET n.age = 30</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SHOW</code></td> <td>Show metadata</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>SHOW GRAPHS</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SKIP</code></td> <td>Skip N results</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>RETURN n SKIP 10</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>THEN</code></td> <td>Then branch in CASE</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CASE WHEN ... THEN 'value'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>UNWIND</code></td> <td>Unwind a list into rows</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>UNWIND [1,2,3] AS x RETURN x</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>VALUE</code></td> <td>Value specification</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>INSERT (:Person) VALUE {name: 'Alice'}</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>VALUES</code></td> <td>Multiple values</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>VALUES (1), (2), (3)</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>WHEN</code></td> <td>When branch in CASE</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>CASE WHEN n.age > 18</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>WHERE</code></td> <td>Filter condition</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>MATCH (n) WHERE n.age > 25</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>WITH</code></td> <td>Intermediate result binding</td> <td>Yes</td> <td><code>MATCH (n) WITH n, count(*) AS c RETURN n, c</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="ddl-keywords" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> DDL Keywords <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="ddl-keywords" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: DDL Keywords"> Share link </button> </h4>Data Definition Language keywords: <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Keyword</th> <th>Description</th> <th>GQL Standard</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>ASSERT</code></td> <td>Assert constraint condition</td> <td>Extension</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>CONSTRAINT</code></td> <td>Define a constraint</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>DROP</code></td> <td>Drop graphs, schemas, or constraints</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>GRAPH</code></td> <td>Graph reference</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>INDEX</code></td> <td>Index definition</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>KEY</code></td> <td>Key constraint</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>PROPERTY</code></td> <td>Property definition</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>REQUIRE</code></td> <td>Require constraint</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SCHEMA</code></td> <td>Schema definition</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>TABLE</code></td> <td>Table reference</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="boolean--logical-keywords" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Boolean &amp; Logical Keywords <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="boolean--logical-keywords" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Boolean &amp; Logical Keywords"> Share link </button> </h4><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Keyword</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Example</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>AND</code></td> <td>Logical AND operator</td> <td><code>WHERE a AND b</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>CONTAINS</code></td> <td>String containment</td> <td><code>WHERE name CONTAINS 'Alice'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>ENDS</code></td> <td>String ends-with</td> <td><code>WHERE name ENDS WITH 'son'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>EXISTS</code></td> <td>Existence predicate</td> <td><code>WHERE EXISTS { MATCH (n)-[:KNOWS]->() }</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>FALSE</code></td> <td>Boolean false literal</td> <td><code>RETURN FALSE</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>IN</code></td> <td>Membership predicate</td> <td><code>WHERE age IN [25, 30, 35]</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>IS</code></td> <td>Type/NULL checking</td> <td><code>WHERE n IS NOT NULL</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>LIKE</code></td> <td>Pattern matching</td> <td><code>WHERE name LIKE '%Smith%'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>NOT</code></td> <td>Logical NOT operator</td> <td><code>WHERE NOT n.active</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>NULL</code></td> <td>NULL literal</td> <td><code>RETURN NULL</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>OR</code></td> <td>Logical OR operator</td> <td><code>WHERE a OR b</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>STARTS</code></td> <td>String starts-with</td> <td><code>WHERE name STARTS WITH 'A'</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>TRUE</code></td> <td>Boolean true literal</td> <td><code>RETURN TRUE</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>UNKNOWN</code></td> <td>Unknown truth value</td> <td><code>RETURN UNKNOWN</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>XOR</code></td> <td>Logical XOR operator</td> <td><code>WHERE a XOR b</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="transaction-keywords" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Transaction Keywords <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="transaction-keywords" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Transaction Keywords"> Share link </button> </h4><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Keyword</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>BEGIN</code></td> <td>Begin a transaction</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>COMMIT</code></td> <td>Commit the current transaction</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>READ</code></td> <td>Read transaction mode</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>REPEATABLE</code></td> <td>Repeatable read isolation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>ROLLBACK</code></td> <td>Rollback transaction</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>START</code></td> <td>Start transaction</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>TRANSACTION</code></td> <td>Transaction keyword</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>WRITE</code></td> <td>Write transaction mode</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="path-pattern-keywords" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Path Pattern Keywords <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="path-pattern-keywords" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Path Pattern Keywords"> Share link </button> </h4><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Keyword</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>ACYCLIC</code></td> <td>Restricts paths to acyclic (no repeated nodes)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SHORTEST</code></td> <td>Shortest path pattern</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>SIMPLE</code></td> <td>Simple path (no repeated edges)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>TRAIL</code></td> <td>Trail path (no repeated edges)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>WALK</code></td> <td>Walk path (any path)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="set-operation-keywords" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Set Operation Keywords <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="set-operation-keywords" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Set Operation Keywords"> Share link </button> </h4><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Keyword</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>EXCEPT</code></td> <td>Set difference operation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>INTERSECT</code></td> <td>Set intersection operation</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>UNION</code></td> <td>Set union operation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="aggregate-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Aggregate Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="aggregate-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Aggregate Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="countexpr-any---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>count(expr: ANY) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="countexpr-any---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: count(expr: ANY) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Count the number of non-null values. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person) RETURN count(n) AS total_people </code></pre></div>Variations: <ul> <li><code>count(*)</code> - Count all rows (including nulls)</li> <li><code>count(DISTINCT n.age)</code> - Count unique values</li> </ul> <h5 id="sumexpr-numeric---numeric" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>sum(expr: NUMERIC) -&gt; NUMERIC</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="sumexpr-numeric---numeric" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: sum(expr: NUMERIC) -&gt; NUMERIC"> Share link </button> </h5>Sum of numeric values. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Product) RETURN sum(p.price) AS total_revenue </code></pre></div> <h5 id="avgexpr-numeric---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>avg(expr: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="avgexpr-numeric---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: avg(expr: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Average of numeric values. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (u:User) RETURN avg(u.age) AS average_age </code></pre></div> <h5 id="minexpr-any---any" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>min(expr: ANY) -&gt; ANY</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="minexpr-any---any" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: min(expr: ANY) -&gt; ANY"> Share link </button> </h5>Minimum value. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Product) RETURN min(p.price) AS cheapest </code></pre></div> <h5 id="maxexpr-any---any" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>max(expr: ANY) -&gt; ANY</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="maxexpr-any---any" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: max(expr: ANY) -&gt; ANY"> Share link </button> </h5>Maximum value. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (t:Transaction) RETURN max(t.timestamp) AS latest_transaction </code></pre></div> <h5 id="collectexpr-any---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>collect(expr: ANY) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="collectexpr-any---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: collect(expr: ANY) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Collect values into a list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (u:User) RETURN collect(u.name) AS all_names </code></pre></div> <h4 id="mathematical-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Mathematical Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="mathematical-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Mathematical Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="absx-numeric---numeric" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>abs(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; NUMERIC</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="absx-numeric---numeric" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: abs(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; NUMERIC"> Share link </button> </h5>Absolute value. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN abs(-42) AS result -- Returns: 42 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="ceilx-float---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>ceil(x: FLOAT) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="ceilx-float---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: ceil(x: FLOAT) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Ceiling (round up). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN ceil(3.2) AS result -- Returns: 4 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="floorx-float---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>floor(x: FLOAT) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="floorx-float---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: floor(x: FLOAT) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Floor (round down). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN floor(3.8) AS result -- Returns: 3 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="roundx-float---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>round(x: FLOAT) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="roundx-float---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: round(x: FLOAT) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Round to nearest integer. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN round(3.5) AS result -- Returns: 4 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="sqrtx-numeric---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>sqrt(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="sqrtx-numeric---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: sqrt(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Square root. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN sqrt(16) AS result -- Returns: 4.0 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="rand---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>rand() -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="rand---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: rand() -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Random number between 0 and 1. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN rand() AS random_value </code></pre></div> <h5 id="signx-numeric---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>sign(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="signx-numeric---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: sign(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Sign of a number (-1, 0, or 1). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN sign(-5) AS result -- Returns: -1 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="expx-numeric---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>exp(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="expx-numeric---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: exp(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Exponential (e^x). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN exp(1) AS e -- Returns: 2.718281828... </code></pre></div> <h5 id="logx-numeric---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>log(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="logx-numeric---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: log(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Natural logarithm. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN log(10) AS result </code></pre></div> <h5 id="log10x-numeric---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>log10(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="log10x-numeric---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: log10(x: NUMERIC) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Base-10 logarithm. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN log10(100) AS result -- Returns: 2.0 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="trigonometric-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Trigonometric Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="trigonometric-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Trigonometric Functions"> Share link </button> </h5><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN sin(pi()/2) AS sine -- Returns: 1.0 RETURN cos(0) AS cosine -- Returns: 1.0 RETURN tan(pi()/4) AS tangent -- Returns: 1.0 RETURN asin(0.5) AS arcsine RETURN acos(0.5) AS arccosine RETURN atan(1) AS arctangent -- Returns: 0.785398... (π/4) RETURN atan2(1, 1) AS arctan2 -- Returns: 0.785398... (π/4) </code></pre></div> <h5 id="constants" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Constants <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="constants" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Constants"> Share link </button> </h5><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN pi() AS pi -- Returns: 3.14159265358979... RETURN e() AS e -- Returns: 2.71828182845904... </code></pre></div> <h5 id="angle-conversion" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Angle Conversion <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="angle-conversion" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Angle Conversion"> Share link </button> </h5><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN degrees(pi()) AS deg -- Returns: 180.0 RETURN radians(180) AS rad -- Returns: 3.14159... </code></pre></div> <h4 id="string-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> String Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="string-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: String Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="sizevalue-stringlist---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>size(value: STRING|LIST) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="sizevalue-stringlist---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: size(value: STRING|LIST) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Length of string or list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN size('hello') AS len -- Returns: 5 RETURN size([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) AS len -- Returns: 5 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="lengthpath-path---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>length(path: PATH) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="lengthpath-path---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: length(path: PATH) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Length of a path. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = (a)-[*]-(b) RETURN length(p) AS hop_count </code></pre></div> <h5 id="substringstr-string-start-integer-length-integer---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>substring(str: STRING, start: INTEGER, length: INTEGER) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="substringstr-string-start-integer-length-integer---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: substring(str: STRING, start: INTEGER, length: INTEGER) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Extract substring. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN substring('hello world', 0, 5) AS result -- Returns: 'hello' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="replacestr-string-search-string-replacement-string---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>replace(str: STRING, search: STRING, replacement: STRING) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="replacestr-string-search-string-replacement-string---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: replace(str: STRING, search: STRING, replacement: STRING) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Replace occurrences in string. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN replace('hello world', 'world', 'universe') -- Returns: 'hello universe' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="tolowerstr-string---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>toLower(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="tolowerstr-string---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: toLower(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Convert to lowercase. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toLower('HELLO') AS result -- Returns: 'hello' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="toupperstr-string---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>toUpper(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="toupperstr-string---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: toUpper(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Convert to uppercase. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toUpper('hello') AS result -- Returns: 'HELLO' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="trimstr-string---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>trim(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="trimstr-string---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: trim(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Remove leading/trailing whitespace. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN trim(' hello ') AS result -- Returns: 'hello' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="ltrimstr-string---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>lTrim(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="ltrimstr-string---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: lTrim(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Remove leading whitespace. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN lTrim(' hello') AS result -- Returns: 'hello' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="rtrimstr-string---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>rTrim(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="rtrimstr-string---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: rTrim(str: STRING) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Remove trailing whitespace. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN rTrim('hello ') AS result -- Returns: 'hello' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="leftstr-string-n-integer---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>left(str: STRING, n: INTEGER) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="leftstr-string-n-integer---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: left(str: STRING, n: INTEGER) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Get leftmost n characters. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN left('hello world', 5) AS result -- Returns: 'hello' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="rightstr-string-n-integer---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>right(str: STRING, n: INTEGER) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="rightstr-string-n-integer---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: right(str: STRING, n: INTEGER) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Get rightmost n characters. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN right('hello world', 5) AS result -- Returns: 'world' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="splitstr-string-delimiter-string---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>split(str: STRING, delimiter: STRING) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="splitstr-string-delimiter-string---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: split(str: STRING, delimiter: STRING) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Split string into list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN split('a,b,c', ',') AS result -- Returns: ['a', 'b', 'c'] </code></pre></div> <h5 id="startswithstr-string-prefix-string---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>startsWith(str: STRING, prefix: STRING) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="startswithstr-string-prefix-string---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: startsWith(str: STRING, prefix: STRING) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>Check if string starts with prefix. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN startsWith('hello world', 'hello') AS result -- Returns: true </code></pre></div> <h5 id="endswithstr-string-suffix-string---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>endsWith(str: STRING, suffix: STRING) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="endswithstr-string-suffix-string---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: endsWith(str: STRING, suffix: STRING) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>Check if string ends with suffix. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN endsWith('hello world', 'world') AS result -- Returns: true </code></pre></div> <h5 id="containsstr-string-search-string---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>contains(str: STRING, search: STRING) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="containsstr-string-search-string---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: contains(str: STRING, search: STRING) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>Check if string contains substring. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN contains('hello world', 'wor') AS result -- Returns: true </code></pre></div> <h4 id="list-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> List Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="list-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: List Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="headlist-list---any" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>head(list: LIST) -&gt; ANY</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="headlist-list---any" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: head(list: LIST) -&gt; ANY"> Share link </button> </h5>First element of list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN head([1, 2, 3]) AS result -- Returns: 1 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="lastlist-list---any" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>last(list: LIST) -&gt; ANY</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="lastlist-list---any" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: last(list: LIST) -&gt; ANY"> Share link </button> </h5>Last element of list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN last([1, 2, 3]) AS result -- Returns: 3 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="taillist-list---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>tail(list: LIST) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="taillist-list---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: tail(list: LIST) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>All but first element. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN tail([1, 2, 3]) AS result -- Returns: [2, 3] </code></pre></div> <h5 id="reverselist-list---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>reverse(list: LIST) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="reverselist-list---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: reverse(list: LIST) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Reverse a list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN reverse([1, 2, 3]) AS result -- Returns: [3, 2, 1] </code></pre></div> <h5 id="rangestart-integer-end-integer-step-integer---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>range(start: INTEGER, end: INTEGER, step: INTEGER) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="rangestart-integer-end-integer-step-integer---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: range(start: INTEGER, end: INTEGER, step: INTEGER) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Create a list of integers. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN range(1, 10) AS nums -- Returns: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] RETURN range(0, 20, 5) AS nums -- Returns: [0, 5, 10, 15, 20] </code></pre></div> <h4 id="temporal-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Temporal Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="temporal-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Temporal Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="timestamp---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>timestamp() -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="timestamp---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: timestamp() -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Current Unix timestamp in milliseconds. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN timestamp() AS now </code></pre></div> <h5 id="datevalue-string---date" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>date(value: STRING) -&gt; DATE</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="datevalue-string---date" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: date(value: STRING) -&gt; DATE"> Share link </button> </h5>Create or get current date. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN date('2024-01-15') AS specific_date RETURN date() AS today </code></pre></div> <h5 id="timevalue-string---time" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>time(value: STRING) -&gt; TIME</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="timevalue-string---time" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: time(value: STRING) -&gt; TIME"> Share link </button> </h5>Create or get current time. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN time('14:30:00') AS afternoon RETURN time() AS now </code></pre></div> <h5 id="datetimevalue-string---datetime" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>datetime(value: STRING) -&gt; DATETIME</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="datetimevalue-string---datetime" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: datetime(value: STRING) -&gt; DATETIME"> Share link </button> </h5>Create or get current datetime. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN datetime('2024-01-15T14:30:00Z') AS dt RETURN datetime() AS now </code></pre></div> <h5 id="durationvalue-string---duration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>duration(value: STRING) -&gt; DURATION</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="durationvalue-string---duration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: duration(value: STRING) -&gt; DURATION"> Share link </button> </h5>Create a duration (ISO 8601 format). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN duration('P1DT2H') AS one_day_two_hours RETURN duration('PT30M') AS thirty_minutes </code></pre></div> <h4 id="graph-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Graph Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="graph-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Graph Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="idelement-noderelationship---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>id(element: NODE|RELATIONSHIP) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="idelement-noderelationship---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: id(element: NODE|RELATIONSHIP) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Get element ID. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person) RETURN id(n) AS node_id </code></pre></div> <h5 id="typerel-relationship---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>type(rel: RELATIONSHIP) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="typerel-relationship---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: type(rel: RELATIONSHIP) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Get relationship type. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a)-[r]->(b) RETURN type(r) AS relationship_type </code></pre></div> <h5 id="labelsnode-node---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>labels(node: NODE) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="labelsnode-node---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: labels(node: NODE) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Get node labels. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n) RETURN labels(n) AS node_labels </code></pre></div> <h5 id="propertieselement-noderelationship---map" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>properties(element: NODE|RELATIONSHIP) -&gt; MAP</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="propertieselement-noderelationship---map" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: properties(element: NODE|RELATIONSHIP) -&gt; MAP"> Share link </button> </h5>Get all properties as map. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person) RETURN properties(n) AS all_props </code></pre></div> <h5 id="keyselement-noderelationshipmap---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>keys(element: NODE|RELATIONSHIP|MAP) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="keyselement-noderelationshipmap---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: keys(element: NODE|RELATIONSHIP|MAP) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Get property keys. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person) RETURN keys(n) AS property_names </code></pre></div> <h5 id="nodespath-path---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>nodes(path: PATH) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="nodespath-path---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: nodes(path: PATH) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Get nodes in a path. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = (a)-[*]-(b) RETURN nodes(p) AS path_nodes </code></pre></div> <h5 id="relationshipspath-path---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>relationships(path: PATH) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationshipspath-path---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: relationships(path: PATH) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Get relationships in a path. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = (a)-[*]-(b) RETURN relationships(p) AS path_edges </code></pre></div> <h5 id="indegreenode-node---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>indegree(node: NODE) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="indegreenode-node---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: indegree(node: NODE) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Number of incoming edges. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n) RETURN n.name, indegree(n) AS incoming_edges ORDER BY indegree(n) DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="outdegreenode-node---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>outdegree(node: NODE) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="outdegreenode-node---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: outdegree(node: NODE) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Number of outgoing edges. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n) RETURN n.name, outdegree(n) AS outgoing_edges ORDER BY outdegree(n) DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="path-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Path Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="path-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Path Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="shortestpathpattern-pattern---path" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>shortestPath(pattern: PATTERN) -&gt; PATH</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="shortestpathpattern-pattern---path" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: shortestPath(pattern: PATTERN) -&gt; PATH"> Share link </button> </h5>Find shortest path. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = shortestPath((a:Person {name: 'Alice'})-[*]-(b:Person {name: 'Bob'})) RETURN p </code></pre></div> <h5 id="allshortestpathspattern-pattern---list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>allShortestPaths(pattern: PATTERN) -&gt; LIST</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="allshortestpathspattern-pattern---list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: allShortestPaths(pattern: PATTERN) -&gt; LIST"> Share link </button> </h5>Find all shortest paths. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = allShortestPaths((a:City)-[*]-(b:City)) WHERE a.name = 'New York' AND b.name = 'Los Angeles' RETURN p </code></pre></div> <h4 id="vector-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Vector Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Vector Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="vectorf32list-list---vector" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>vectorf32(list: LIST) -&gt; VECTOR</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vectorf32list-list---vector" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vectorf32(list: LIST) -&gt; VECTOR"> Share link </button> </h5>Create a float32 vector from list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN vectorf32([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]) AS embedding </code></pre></div> <h5 id="vectori32list-list---vector" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>vectori32(list: LIST) -&gt; VECTOR</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vectori32list-list---vector" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vectori32(list: LIST) -&gt; VECTOR"> Share link </button> </h5>Create an int32 vector from list. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN vectori32([1, 2, 3, 4]) AS int_vector </code></pre></div> <h5 id="vector_l2v1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>vector_l2(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector_l2v1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vector_l2(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>L2 (Euclidean) distance between vectors. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Document) RETURN n.title, vector_l2(n.embedding, $query_embedding) AS distance ORDER BY distance ASC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="vector_cosinev1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>vector_cosine(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector_cosinev1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vector_cosine(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Cosine distance between vectors. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Product) RETURN n.name, vector_cosine(n.features, $target_features) AS distance ORDER BY distance ASC LIMIT 5 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="vector_dotv1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>vector_dot(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector_dotv1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vector_dot(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Dot product of vectors. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN vector_dot(vectorf32([1, 2, 3]), vectorf32([4, 5, 6])) AS dot_product -- Returns: 32.0 (1*4 + 2*5 + 3*6) </code></pre></div> <h5 id="distancev1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>distance(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="distancev1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: distance(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Default distance metric (L2). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Image) RETURN n.filename, distance(n.embedding, $query) AS similarity ORDER BY similarity ASC LIMIT 20 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="similarityv1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>similarity(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="similarityv1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: similarity(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Cosine similarity (1 - cosine_distance). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Article) RETURN n.title, similarity(n.embedding, $query) AS relevance ORDER BY relevance DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="cosinev1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>cosine(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="cosinev1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: cosine(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Cosine similarity (alias for similarity). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:User) RETURN n.name, cosine(n.preferences, $user_profile) AS match_score ORDER BY match_score DESC </code></pre></div> <h5 id="euclideanv1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>euclidean(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="euclideanv1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: euclidean(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Euclidean distance (alias for vector_l2). <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN euclidean(vectorf32([0, 0]), vectorf32([3, 4])) AS distance -- Returns: 5.0 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="manhattanv1-vector-v2-vector---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>manhattan(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="manhattanv1-vector-v2-vector---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: manhattan(v1: VECTOR, v2: VECTOR) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Manhattan (L1) distance. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN manhattan(vectorf32([1, 2]), vectorf32([4, 6])) AS distance -- Returns: 7.0 (|1-4| + |2-6|) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="conversion-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Conversion Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="conversion-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Conversion Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="tointegervalue-any---integer" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>toInteger(value: ANY) -&gt; INTEGER</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="tointegervalue-any---integer" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: toInteger(value: ANY) -&gt; INTEGER"> Share link </button> </h5>Convert to integer. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toInteger('42') AS num -- Returns: 42 RETURN toInteger(3.14) AS num -- Returns: 3 RETURN toInteger(true) AS num -- Returns: 1 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="tofloatvalue-any---float" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>toFloat(value: ANY) -&gt; FLOAT</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="tofloatvalue-any---float" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: toFloat(value: ANY) -&gt; FLOAT"> Share link </button> </h5>Convert to float. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toFloat('3.14') AS num -- Returns: 3.14 RETURN toFloat(42) AS num -- Returns: 42.0 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="tostringvalue-any---string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>toString(value: ANY) -&gt; STRING</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="tostringvalue-any---string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: toString(value: ANY) -&gt; STRING"> Share link </button> </h5>Convert to string. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toString(42) AS str -- Returns: '42' RETURN toString(3.14) AS str -- Returns: '3.14' RETURN toString(true) AS str -- Returns: 'true' </code></pre></div> <h5 id="tobooleanvalue-any---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>toBoolean(value: ANY) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="tobooleanvalue-any---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: toBoolean(value: ANY) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>Convert to boolean. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toBoolean('true') AS bool -- Returns: true RETURN toBoolean(1) AS bool -- Returns: true RETURN toBoolean(0) AS bool -- Returns: false </code></pre></div> <h4 id="predicate-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Predicate Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="predicate-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Predicate Functions"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="allvariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>all(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="allvariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: all(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>True if all elements satisfy predicate. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN all(x IN [1,2,3,4,5] WHERE x > 0) AS result -- Returns: true RETURN all(x IN [1,2,3,4,5] WHERE x > 3) AS result -- Returns: false </code></pre></div> <h5 id="anyvariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>any(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="anyvariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: any(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>True if any element satisfies predicate. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN any(x IN [1,2,3,4,5] WHERE x > 3) AS result -- Returns: true RETURN any(x IN [1,2,3] WHERE x > 10) AS result -- Returns: false </code></pre></div> <h5 id="nonevariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>none(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="nonevariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: none(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>True if no elements satisfy predicate. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN none(x IN [1,2,3] WHERE x > 10) AS result -- Returns: true RETURN none(x IN [1,2,3] WHERE x > 2) AS result -- Returns: false </code></pre></div> <h5 id="singlevariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>single(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="singlevariable-identifier-list-list-predicate-boolean---boolean" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: single(variable: IDENTIFIER, list: LIST, predicate: BOOLEAN) -&gt; BOOLEAN"> Share link </button> </h5>True if exactly one element satisfies predicate. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN single(x IN [1,2,3,4,5] WHERE x > 4) AS result -- Returns: true RETURN single(x IN [1,2,3,4,5] WHERE x > 3) AS result -- Returns: false </code></pre></div> <h5 id="coalescevalues-any---any" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>coalesce(values: ANY...) -&gt; ANY</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="coalescevalues-any---any" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: coalesce(values: ANY...) -&gt; ANY"> Share link </button> </h5>Return first non-null value. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person) RETURN coalesce(n.nickname, n.name, 'Unknown') AS display_name </code></pre></div> <h5 id="nullifvalue-any-null_value-any---any" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>nullIf(value: ANY, null_value: ANY) -&gt; ANY</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="nullifvalue-any-null_value-any---any" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: nullIf(value: ANY, null_value: ANY) -&gt; ANY"> Share link </button> </h5>Return NULL if values are equal. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN nullIf(n.status, 'inactive') AS active_status </code></pre></div> <h3 id="data-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Types"> Share link </button> </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Example</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>INTEGER</code></td> <td>64-bit signed integer</td> <td><code>42</code>, <code>-100</code>, <code>0</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>FLOAT</code></td> <td>64-bit floating point</td> <td><code>3.14</code>, <code>-0.5</code>, <code>1.0e10</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>STRING</code></td> <td>Unicode string</td> <td><code>'hello'</code>, <code>"world"</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>BOOLEAN</code></td> <td>Boolean value</td> <td><code>true</code>, <code>false</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>DATE</code></td> <td>Calendar date</td> <td><code>date('2024-01-15')</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>TIME</code></td> <td>Time of day</td> <td><code>time('14:30:00')</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>DATETIME</code></td> <td>Date and time with timezone</td> <td><code>datetime('2024-01-15T14:30:00Z')</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>DURATION</code></td> <td>Time duration</td> <td><code>duration('P1DT2H')</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>POINT</code></td> <td>Geographic point</td> <td><code>point({latitude: 40.7, longitude: -74.0})</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>VECTOR</code></td> <td>Fixed-dimension numeric vector</td> <td><code>vectorf32([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>UUID</code></td> <td>UUID identifier</td> <td><code>uuid('550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000')</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>BYTES</code></td> <td>Binary data</td> <td><code>bytes('0x48656c6c6f')</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>JSON</code></td> <td>JSON document</td> <td><code>json('{"key": "value"}')</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>LIST</code></td> <td>Ordered collection</td> <td><code>[1, 2, 3]</code>, <code>['a', 'b', 'c']</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>MAP</code></td> <td>Key-value map</td> <td><code>{name: 'Alice', age: 30}</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>NODE</code></td> <td>Graph node element</td> <td><code>(n:Person {name: 'Alice'})</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>RELATIONSHIP</code></td> <td>Graph relationship element</td> <td><code>-[:KNOWS]-></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>PATH</code></td> <td>Graph path</td> <td><code>(a)-[:KNOWS]->(b)-[:KNOWS]->(c)</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>GRAPH</code></td> <td>Named graph</td> <td><code>GRAPH social_network</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>ANY</code></td> <td>Any type (wildcard)</td> <td>Used in function signatures</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Operators"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="comparison-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Comparison Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="comparison-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Comparison Operators"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">n.age = 25 -- Equal n.age <> 25 -- Not equal n.age != 25 -- Not equal (alternative) n.age > 25 -- Greater than n.age >= 25 -- Greater than or equal n.age < 25 -- Less than n.age <= 25 -- Less than or equal </code></pre></div> <h4 id="arithmetic-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Arithmetic Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="arithmetic-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Arithmetic Operators"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">a + b -- Addition a - b -- Subtraction a * b -- Multiplication a / b -- Division a % b -- Modulo a ^ b -- Exponentiation </code></pre></div> <h4 id="string-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> String Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="string-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: String Operators"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">'Hello' + ' ' + 'World' -- Concatenation: 'Hello World' name STARTS WITH 'A' -- String starts with name ENDS WITH 'son' -- String ends with name CONTAINS 'mitt' -- String contains name =~ '.*Smith.*' -- Regular expression match </code></pre></div> <h4 id="logical-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Logical Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="logical-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Logical Operators"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">a AND b -- Logical AND a OR b -- Logical OR NOT a -- Logical NOT a XOR b -- Logical XOR </code></pre></div> <h4 id="list-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> List Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="list-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: List Operators"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">x IN [1, 2, 3] -- Membership test [1, 2] + [3, 4] -- List concatenation: [1, 2, 3, 4] list[0] -- List indexing (0-based) list[1..3] -- List slicing </code></pre></div> <h4 id="null-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> NULL Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="null-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: NULL Operators"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">n.age IS NULL -- NULL check n.age IS NOT NULL -- NOT NULL check coalesce(n.age, 0) -- NULL coalescing </code></pre></div> <h4 id="property-access" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Property Access <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="property-access" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Property Access"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">n.name -- Property access n['name'] -- Dynamic property access n.address.city -- Nested property access </code></pre></div> <h3 id="procedures" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Procedures <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="procedures" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Procedures"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="centrality-algorithms" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Centrality Algorithms <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="centrality-algorithms" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Centrality Algorithms"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="call-algodegreestream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.degree.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algodegreestream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.degree.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute degree centrality for all nodes. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>degree: INTEGER</code> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CALL algo.degree.stream() YIELD nodeId, degree MATCH (n) WHERE id(n) = nodeId RETURN n.name, degree ORDER BY degree DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="call-algobetweennessstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.betweenness.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algobetweennessstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.betweenness.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute betweenness centrality. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>betweenness: FLOAT</code> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CALL algo.betweenness.stream() YIELD nodeId, betweenness MATCH (n) WHERE id(n) = nodeId RETURN n.name, betweenness ORDER BY betweenness DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="call-algoclosenessstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.closeness.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algoclosenessstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.closeness.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute closeness centrality. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>closeness: FLOAT</code> <h5 id="call-algoeigenvectorstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.eigenvector.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algoeigenvectorstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.eigenvector.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute eigenvector centrality. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>eigenvector: FLOAT</code> <h5 id="call-algopagerankstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.pagerank.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algopagerankstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.pagerank.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute PageRank. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>score: FLOAT</code> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CALL algo.pagerank.stream({dampingFactor: 0.85, maxIterations: 20}) YIELD nodeId, score MATCH (n) WHERE id(n) = nodeId RETURN n.name, score ORDER BY score DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h5 id="call-algoharmonicstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.harmonic.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algoharmonicstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.harmonic.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute harmonic centrality. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>harmonic: FLOAT</code> <h5 id="call-algobridgeleveragestream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.bridgeLeverage.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algobridgeleveragestream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.bridgeLeverage.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute bridge/leverage centrality. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>bridgeLeverage: FLOAT</code> <h5 id="call-algogreycardinalstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.greyCardinal.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algogreycardinalstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.greyCardinal.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Compute grey cardinal composite centrality. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>composite: FLOAT</code> <h4 id="community-detection" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Community Detection <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="community-detection" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Community Detection"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="call-algolouvainstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.louvain.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algolouvainstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.louvain.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Detect communities using Louvain algorithm. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>community: INTEGER</code> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CALL algo.louvain.stream() YIELD nodeId, community MATCH (n) WHERE id(n) = nodeId RETURN community, collect(n.name) AS members ORDER BY size(members) DESC </code></pre></div> <h5 id="call-algolabelpropagationstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.labelPropagation.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algolabelpropagationstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.labelPropagation.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Detect communities using label propagation. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>label: INTEGER</code> <h5 id="call-algoleidenstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.leiden.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algoleidenstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.leiden.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Detect communities using Leiden algorithm. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>community: INTEGER</code> <h4 id="connectivity-analysis" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Connectivity Analysis <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="connectivity-analysis" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Connectivity Analysis"> Share link </button> </h4> <h5 id="call-algounionfindstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.unionFind.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algounionfindstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.unionFind.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Find connected components using union-find. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>setId: INTEGER</code> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CALL algo.unionFind.stream() YIELD nodeId, setId MATCH (n) WHERE id(n) = nodeId RETURN setId, count(*) AS component_size ORDER BY component_size DESC </code></pre></div> <h5 id="call-algosccstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.scc.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algosccstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.scc.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Find strongly connected components. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>componentId: INTEGER</code> <h5 id="call-algoarticulationpointsstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.articulationPoints.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algoarticulationpointsstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.articulationPoints.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Find articulation points (cut vertices). Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CALL algo.articulationPoints.stream() YIELD nodeId MATCH (n) WHERE id(n) = nodeId RETURN n.name AS critical_node </code></pre></div> <h5 id="call-algobridgesstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.bridges.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algobridgesstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.bridges.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Find bridge edges (cut edges). Yields: <code>sourceId: INTEGER</code>, <code>targetId: INTEGER</code> <h5 id="call-algobiconnectedcomponentsstream" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> <code>CALL algo.biconnectedComponents.stream()</code> <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="call-algobiconnectedcomponentsstream" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CALL algo.biconnectedComponents.stream()"> Share link </button> </h5>Find biconnected components. Yields: <code>nodeId: INTEGER</code>, <code>componentId: INTEGER</code> <h3 id="expression-examples" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Expression Examples <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="expression-examples" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Expression Examples"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="case-expressions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> CASE Expressions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="case-expressions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CASE Expressions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, CASE WHEN p.age < 18 THEN 'minor' WHEN p.age < 65 THEN 'adult' ELSE 'senior' END AS age_group </code></pre></div> <h4 id="list-comprehensions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> List Comprehensions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="list-comprehensions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: List Comprehensions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN [x IN range(1, 10) WHERE x % 2 = 0 | x * 2] AS even_doubles -- Returns: [4, 8, 12, 16, 20] </code></pre></div> <h4 id="pattern-comprehensions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Pattern Comprehensions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="pattern-comprehensions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Pattern Comprehensions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, [(p)-[:KNOWS]->(friend) | friend.name] AS friend_names </code></pre></div> <h4 id="map-projections" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Map Projections <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="map-projections" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Map Projections"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p {.name, .age, friends: size((p)-[:KNOWS]->())} </code></pre></div> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3>Explore More: <ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Learn GQL syntax</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/performance-tuning/" >Query Performance</a> - Optimize queries</li> <li><a href="/docs/analytics/graph-algorithms/" >Graph Algorithms</a> - Advanced algorithms</li> </ul> Related Topics: <ul> <li><a href="/docs/data-types/" >Data Types</a> - Detailed type system</li> <li><a href="/docs/guides/schema-design/" >Schema Design</a> - Graph modeling</li> <li><a href="/docs/guides/testing-strategies/" >Testing Strategies</a> - Test your queries</li> </ul> Standards: <ul> <li>ISO/IEC 39075:2024 GQL Standard</li> <li>100% compliance (see conformance profile)</li> </ul> <hr> Generated from: <code>src/gql/language_metadata.zig</code> Last updated: 2026-01-03 GQL Conformance Profile: see conformance profile Functions: 100+ Keywords: 60+ Data Types: 19