Query Optimization

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This section covers indexing strategies, query analysis with EXPLAIN/PROFILE, materialized views, and performance tuning best practices. <h3 id="overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Overview <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="overview" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Overview"> Share link </button> </h3>Query performance is critical for production applications. Geode provides powerful optimization tools including a cost-based optimizer (CBO), six index types, EXPLAIN/PROFILE analysis, and materialized views. Understanding these tools and applying optimization techniques can improve query performance by orders of magnitude. The query optimizer automatically selects optimal execution plans based on statistics, but understanding index selection, query patterns, and execution plans enables you to design schemas and write queries that maximize performance. Whether you’re optimizing a slow query or designing for performance from the start, this section provides the knowledge you need. <h3 id="key-optimization-strategies" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Key Optimization Strategies <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="key-optimization-strategies" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Key Optimization Strategies"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="index-selection" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Index Selection <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="index-selection" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Index Selection"> Share link </button> </h4>Choose the right index type for your access patterns: <ul> <li>B-tree: Range queries, sorting, ordered traversal</li> <li>Hash: Exact match lookups with O(1) average case</li> <li>HNSW: Vector similarity search (K-NN)</li> <li>R-tree: Geospatial queries (bounding box, radius)</li> <li>Full-text: Text search with BM25 ranking</li> <li>Patricia Trie: IP prefix matching (CIDR)</li> </ul> <h4 id="query-analysis" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Analysis <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-analysis" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Analysis"> Share link </button> </h4>Use EXPLAIN and PROFILE to understand query execution: <ul> <li>EXPLAIN: Shows query plan without execution</li> <li>PROFILE: Executes query and shows timing for each step</li> <li>Statistics: Review cardinality estimates and index selection</li> </ul> <h4 id="materialized-views" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Materialized Views <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="materialized-views" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Materialized Views"> Share link </button> </h4>Cache expensive query results for fast repeated access: <ul> <li>Immediate Refresh: Updates on data changes</li> <li>Deferred Refresh: Batch updates on schedule</li> <li>On-Demand Refresh: Manual refresh control</li> </ul> <h4 id="query-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Patterns <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-patterns" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Patterns"> Share link </button> </h4>Write queries that leverage indexes and minimize work: <ul> <li>Start patterns with selective filters</li> <li>Use indexes for joins and lookups</li> <li>Avoid unnecessary traversals</li> <li>Leverage prepared statements</li> </ul> <h3 id="topics-in-this-section" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Topics in This Section <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="topics-in-this-section" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Topics in This Section"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/query/explain-profile/" >EXPLAIN and PROFILE</a> - Understand query execution plans, analyze performance bottlenecks, and interpret optimizer decisions</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/indexing-and-optimization/" >Indexing and Optimization</a> - Complete indexing guide covering all six index types, creation strategies, and optimization techniques</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/performance-tuning/" >Performance Tuning</a> - Query performance tuning best practices including query rewriting, schema optimization, and system tuning</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/full-text-search/" >Full-Text Search</a> - Full-text search capabilities with BM25 ranking, tokenization, stemming, and search optimization</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/materialized-views/" >Materialized Views</a> - Materialized view patterns including creation, refresh strategies, and query rewriting</li> </ul> <h3 id="query-performance-basics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Performance Basics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-performance-basics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Performance Basics"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="using-explain" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Using EXPLAIN <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="using-explain" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Using EXPLAIN"> Share link </button> </h4>Analyze query plans before execution: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Show query plan EXPLAIN MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(friend:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 RETURN p.name, friend.name; </code></pre></div>Output shows: <ul> <li>Execution plan steps</li> <li>Index selection</li> <li>Estimated cardinality</li> <li>Join strategies</li> </ul> <h4 id="using-profile" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Using PROFILE <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="using-profile" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Using PROFILE"> Share link </button> </h4>Execute and measure query performance: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Execute with timing PROFILE MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(friend:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 RETURN p.name, friend.name; </code></pre></div>Output includes: <ul> <li>All EXPLAIN information</li> <li>Actual execution time per step</li> <li>Rows processed at each stage</li> <li>Cache hit ratios</li> </ul> See <a href="/docs/query/explain-profile/" >EXPLAIN and PROFILE</a> for detailed usage. <h3 id="index-optimization" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Index Optimization <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="index-optimization" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Index Optimization"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="creating-indexes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Creating Indexes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="creating-indexes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Creating Indexes"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- B-tree index for range queries CREATE INDEX person_age_btree ON :Person(age); -- Hash index for exact lookups CREATE INDEX person_email_hash ON :Person(email) USING HASH; -- HNSW index for vector search CREATE INDEX product_embedding_hnsw ON :Product(embedding) USING HNSW(distance='cosine', m=16, ef_construction=200); -- Full-text index CREATE INDEX article_content_fulltext ON :Article(content) USING FULLTEXT; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="index-selection-guidelines" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Index Selection Guidelines <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="index-selection-guidelines" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Index Selection Guidelines"> Share link </button> </h4>Use B-tree when: <ul> <li>Range queries (age > 30, created_at BETWEEN …)</li> <li>Sorting (ORDER BY)</li> <li>Prefix matching (name STARTS WITH ‘A’)</li> </ul> Use Hash when: <ul> <li>Exact equality (email = ‘<a href="mailto:[email protected]" >[email protected]</a> ’)</li> <li>High cardinality unique columns</li> <li>No range or sorting requirements</li> </ul> Use HNSW when: <ul> <li>Vector similarity search</li> <li>Approximate K-NN queries</li> <li>Embedding-based retrieval</li> </ul> Use R-tree when: <ul> <li>Geospatial queries</li> <li>Bounding box searches</li> <li>Radius searches</li> </ul> Use Full-text when: <ul> <li>Text search queries</li> <li>Relevance ranking needed</li> <li>Natural language queries</li> </ul> Use Patricia Trie when: <ul> <li>IP address queries</li> <li>CIDR prefix matching</li> <li>Longest Prefix Match (LPM)</li> </ul> See <a href="/docs/query/indexing-and-optimization/" >Indexing and Optimization</a> for comprehensive guidance. <h3 id="query-tuning-techniques" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Tuning Techniques <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-tuning-techniques" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Tuning Techniques"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="1-start-with-selective-filters" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 1. Start with Selective Filters <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="1-start-with-selective-filters" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 1. Start with Selective Filters"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Good: Start with selective filter MATCH (p:Person {email: 'alice@example.com'})-[:KNOWS]->(friend) RETURN friend.name; -- Bad: Scan all people first MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(friend:Person {email: 'alice@example.com'}) RETURN p.name; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="2-use-indexes-for-joins" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 2. Use Indexes for Joins <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="2-use-indexes-for-joins" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 2. Use Indexes for Joins"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Ensure both sides of join have indexes CREATE INDEX person_id ON :Person(id); CREATE INDEX order_customer_id ON :Order(customer_id); -- Query leverages both indexes MATCH (p:Person {id: 123})<-[:PLACED_BY]-(o:Order) RETURN o.order_id, o.total; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="3-limit-early" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 3. Limit Early <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="3-limit-early" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 3. Limit Early"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Good: LIMIT early reduces work MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 RETURN p.name ORDER BY p.age DESC LIMIT 10; -- Better: Use WITH to limit before expensive operations MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 WITH p ORDER BY p.age DESC LIMIT 10 MATCH (p)-[:KNOWS]->(friend) RETURN p.name, collect(friend.name) AS friends; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="4-avoid-cartesian-products" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 4. Avoid Cartesian Products <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="4-avoid-cartesian-products" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 4. Avoid Cartesian Products"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Bad: Cartesian product (all people × all orders) MATCH (p:Person), (o:Order) WHERE p.id = o.customer_id RETURN p.name, o.order_id; -- Good: Use relationship pattern MATCH (p:Person)<-[:PLACED_BY]-(o:Order) RETURN p.name, o.order_id; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="5-use-prepared-statements" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> 5. Use Prepared Statements <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="5-use-prepared-statements" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: 5. Use Prepared Statements"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Prepared statement (parsed once, executed many times) PREPARE find_person AS MATCH (p:Person {email: $email}) RETURN p.name, p.age; -- Execute with parameters EXECUTE find_person(email='alice@example.com'); </code></pre></div>See <a href="/docs/query/performance-tuning/" >Performance Tuning</a> for advanced techniques. <h3 id="materialized-views-1" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Materialized Views <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="materialized-views-1" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Materialized Views"> Share link </button> </h3>Cache expensive query results: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create materialized view CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW popular_products AS MATCH (p:Product)<-[:PURCHASED]-(o:Order) RETURN p.product_id, p.name, count(*) AS purchase_count ORDER BY purchase_count DESC LIMIT 100 REFRESH IMMEDIATE; -- Query automatically uses materialized view MATCH (p:Product)<-[:PURCHASED]-(o:Order) RETURN p.product_id, p.name, count(*) AS purchase_count ORDER BY purchase_count DESC LIMIT 100; </code></pre></div>Refresh strategies: <ul> <li>IMMEDIATE: Updates on data changes (real-time)</li> <li>DEFERRED: Batch updates on schedule (periodic)</li> <li>ON DEMAND: Manual refresh (controlled)</li> </ul> See <a href="/docs/query/materialized-views/" >Materialized Views</a> for details. <h3 id="full-text-search" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Full-Text Search <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="full-text-search" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Full-Text Search"> Share link </button> </h3>Optimize text search queries: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create full-text index CREATE INDEX article_fulltext ON :Article(title, content) USING FULLTEXT; -- Text search with ranking MATCH (a:Article) WHERE a.content CONTAINS 'graph database' RETURN a.title, score(a) AS relevance ORDER BY relevance DESC LIMIT 10; </code></pre></div>Features: <ul> <li>BM25 ranking algorithm</li> <li>Tokenization with stop words</li> <li>Stemming support</li> <li>Multi-field search</li> </ul> See <a href="/docs/query/full-text-search/" >Full-Text Search</a> for comprehensive coverage. <h3 id="performance-monitoring" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Performance Monitoring <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="performance-monitoring" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Performance Monitoring"> Share link </button> </h3>Track query performance over time: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Enable query timing \timing on -- View slow query log SELECT query_text, execution_time FROM system.slow_queries WHERE execution_time > duration({seconds: 1}) ORDER BY execution_time DESC; </code></pre></div>Monitor metrics: <ul> <li>Query latency (p50, p95, p99)</li> <li>Query throughput (QPS)</li> <li>Error rates</li> <li>Cache hit ratios</li> </ul> See <a href="/docs/ops/observability/" >Observability</a> for monitoring setup. <h3 id="best-practices" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Best Practices <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="best-practices" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Best Practices"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="schema-design" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Schema Design <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="schema-design" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Schema Design"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Create indexes for frequent query patterns</li> <li>Use unique constraints to prevent duplicates</li> <li>Consider denormalization for performance-critical paths</li> <li>Model relationships for primary query patterns</li> </ul> <h4 id="query-writing" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Writing <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-writing" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Writing"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Start patterns with selective filters</li> <li>Use parameters instead of literals</li> <li>Avoid SELECT * patterns (return only needed properties)</li> <li>Use LIMIT to prevent runaway queries</li> </ul> <h4 id="index-management" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Index Management <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="index-management" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Index Management"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Create indexes for high-cardinality columns</li> <li>Drop unused indexes (overhead on writes)</li> <li>Monitor index usage statistics</li> <li>Rebuild indexes periodically</li> </ul> <h4 id="testing" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Testing <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="testing" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Testing"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Profile queries before deploying to production</li> <li>Test with realistic data volumes</li> <li>Benchmark critical query paths</li> <li>Monitor performance regressions</li> </ul> <h3 id="troubleshooting-slow-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Troubleshooting Slow Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="troubleshooting-slow-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Troubleshooting Slow Queries"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="step-1-identify-slow-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 1: Identify Slow Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-1-identify-slow-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 1: Identify Slow Queries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"># Check slow query log grep "slow query" /var/log/geode/geode.log # Or query system tables SELECT * FROM system.slow_queries ORDER BY execution_time DESC; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="step-2-analyze-with-profile" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 2: Analyze with PROFILE <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-2-analyze-with-profile" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 2: Analyze with PROFILE"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE <your slow query>; </code></pre></div>Look for: <ul> <li>Steps with high execution time</li> <li>Large row counts (potential full scans)</li> <li>Missing index usage</li> <li>Expensive joins</li> </ul> <h4 id="step-3-review-index-coverage" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 3: Review Index Coverage <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-3-review-index-coverage" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 3: Review Index Coverage"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Check available indexes SHOW INDEXES; -- Check index usage SELECT * FROM system.index_usage WHERE table_name = 'Person'; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="step-4-optimize" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 4: Optimize <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-4-optimize" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 4: Optimize"> Share link </button> </h4>Based on PROFILE analysis: <ul> <li>Add missing indexes</li> <li>Rewrite query to use indexes</li> <li>Break complex query into steps</li> <li>Consider materialized views</li> </ul> See <a href="/docs/guides/troubleshooting/" >Troubleshooting Guide</a> for more scenarios. <h3 id="learn-more" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Learn More <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="learn-more" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Learn More"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/architecture/#query-processing-pipeline" >Architecture: Query Planning</a> - How the query planner works</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Query language reference</li> <li><a href="/docs/guides/schema-design/" >Schema Design</a> - Schema optimization patterns</li> <li><a href="/docs/guides/performance-benchmarking/" >Performance Benchmarking</a> - Benchmark methodology</li> </ul> <h3 id="advanced-topics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Advanced Topics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="advanced-topics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Advanced Topics"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/analytics/graph-algorithms/" >Graph Algorithms</a> - Optimize algorithm execution</li> <li><a href="/docs/analytics/real-time-analytics/" >Real-time Analytics</a> - Streaming query optimization</li> <li><a href="/docs/tutorials/vector-search-tutorial/" >Vector Search Tutorial</a> - Optimize vector queries</li> <li><a href="/docs/tutorials/index-optimization/" >Index Optimization Tutorial</a> - Hands-on index tuning</li> </ul> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3><ol> <li><a href="/docs/query/explain-profile/" >Learn EXPLAIN/PROFILE</a> - Master query analysis</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/indexing-and-optimization/" >Create Indexes</a> - Optimize your schema</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/performance-tuning/" >Tune Queries</a> - Apply optimization techniques</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/materialized-views/" >Use Materialized Views</a> - Cache expensive queries</li> <li><a href="/docs/ops/observability/" >Monitor Performance</a> - Track query metrics</li> </ol>

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Querying, Indexing, and Query Optimization

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Materialized Views System