Data Model

<h2 id="data-model" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Model <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-model" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Model"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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'fa-duotone fa-clipboard-check':'fa-duotone fa-circle-exclamation'; setTimeout(()=>{ icon.className=prev; },1800); } function handleShareClick(e){ e.preventDefault(); const btn=e.currentTarget; const id=btn.getAttribute('data-share-target'); if(id) openModal(id); } function bindShareButtons(){ document.querySelectorAll('.h-share').forEach(btn=>{ if(!btn.dataset.hShareBound){ btn.addEventListener('click', handleShareClick); btn.dataset.hShareBound='1'; } }); } bindShareButtons(); if(document.readyState==='loading'){ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bindShareButtons); } else { requestAnimationFrame(bindShareButtons); } document.addEventListener('click', function(e){ const shareBtn=e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.h-share'); if(shareBtn && !shareBtn.dataset.hShareBound){ handleShareClick.call(shareBtn, e); } }, true); document.addEventListener('click', e=>{ if(e.target===modal) closeModal(); if(e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-close')){ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); } if(copyBtn && (e.target===copyBtn || (e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-copy')))) { e.preventDefault(); copyCurrent(); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{ if(e.key==='Escape' && isOpen()) closeModal(); }); function trapFocus(){ if(trapBound) return; trapBound=true; modal.addEventListener('keydown', f=>{ if(f.key==='Tab' && isOpen()){ const focusable=[...modal.querySelectorAll('a[href],button,input,textarea,select,[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])')].filter(el=>!el.hasAttribute('disabled')); if(!focusable.length) return; const first=focusable[0]; const last=focusable[focusable.length-1]; if(f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===first){ f.preventDefault(); last.focus(); } else if(!f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===last){ f.preventDefault(); first.focus(); } } }); } if(closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', e=>{ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); }); })(); </script>Understand Geode’s property graph data model and how to effectively model your data using nodes, relationships, properties, and labels. <h3 id="overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Overview <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="overview" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Overview"> Share link </button> </h3>Geode implements the property graph model, a flexible and powerful way to represent connected data. Unlike relational databases with rigid table schemas or document databases with isolated documents, property graphs excel at representing and querying relationships between entities. The property graph model consists of four fundamental concepts: nodes (entities), relationships (connections between entities), properties (key-value pairs attached to nodes and relationships), and labels (types that categorize nodes and relationships). This simple but expressive model enables natural representation of complex, interconnected data. <h3 id="property-graph-model" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Property Graph Model <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="property-graph-model" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Property Graph Model"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="core-concepts" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Core Concepts <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="core-concepts" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Core Concepts"> Share link </button> </h4>Nodes represent entities in your domain (people, products, locations, events, etc.). Each node can have: <ul> <li>Labels: One or more type tags (e.g., <code>:Person</code>, <code>:Employee</code>)</li> <li>Properties: Key-value pairs storing data about the entity</li> <li>Unique ID: System-assigned identifier</li> </ul> Relationships represent connections between nodes. Each relationship has: <ul> <li>Type: Exactly one relationship type (e.g., <code>:KNOWS</code>, <code>:WORKS_FOR</code>)</li> <li>Direction: Relationships are always directed (source → target)</li> <li>Properties: Key-value pairs describing the connection</li> <li>Unique ID: System-assigned identifier</li> </ul> Properties store data as key-value pairs where: <ul> <li>Keys: String identifiers (e.g., “name”, “age”, “created_at”)</li> <li>Values: Any supported data type (see Type System below)</li> <li>Schema-optional: Properties can be added/removed dynamically</li> </ul> Labels categorize nodes and relationships: <ul> <li>Multiple Labels: Nodes can have multiple labels (e.g., <code>:Person:Employee:Manager</code>)</li> <li>Single Type: Relationships have exactly one type</li> <li>Index Support: Labels enable efficient querying via indexes</li> </ul> <h4 id="graph-example" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Graph Example <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="graph-example" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Graph Example"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">(alice:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30}) -[:WORKS_FOR {since: 2020, role: "Engineer"}]-> (acme:Company {name: "Acme Corp", founded: 2010}) <-[:WORKS_FOR {since: 2021, role: "Designer"}]- (bob:Person {name: "Bob", age: 25}) (alice)-[:KNOWS {since: 2019}]->(bob) </code></pre></div>This simple graph represents: <ul> <li>Two people (Alice and Bob) with properties</li> <li>One company (Acme Corp)</li> <li>Three relationships (two WORKS_FOR, one KNOWS) with properties</li> <li>Direction indicating who works for whom and who knows whom</li> </ul> <h3 id="topics-in-this-section" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Topics in This Section <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="topics-in-this-section" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Topics in This Section"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/model/data-model-and-types/" >Data Model and Types</a> - Comprehensive guide to the property graph model, type system, and all 50+ supported data types</li> </ul> <h3 id="type-system" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type System <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-system" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type System"> Share link </button> </h3>Geode supports 50+ specialized data types organized into categories: <h4 id="core-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Core Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="core-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Core Types"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Primitives: <code>NULL</code>, <code>BOOLEAN</code>, <code>INTEGER</code>, <code>FLOAT</code>, <code>STRING</code>, <code>BYTES</code></li> <li>Temporal: <code>DATE</code>, <code>TIME</code>, <code>TIMESTAMP</code>, <code>DURATION</code>, <code>ZONED_DATETIME</code></li> <li>Collections: <code>LIST</code>, <code>MAP</code>, <code>SET</code></li> </ul> <h4 id="advanced-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Advanced Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="advanced-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Advanced Types"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Geometric: <code>POINT</code>, <code>LINESTRING</code>, <code>POLYGON</code>, <code>GEOGRAPHY</code>, <code>GEOMETRY</code></li> <li>Network: <code>IPV4</code>, <code>IPV6</code>, <code>CIDR</code>, <code>MAC_ADDRESS</code></li> <li>Specialized: <code>UUID</code>, <code>VECTOR</code>, <code>JSON</code>, <code>BIGDECIMAL</code>, <code>REGEX</code></li> <li>Financial: <code>MONEY</code>, <code>CURRENCY</code></li> <li>Cryptographic: <code>HASH</code>, <code>ENCRYPTED</code></li> </ul> <h4 id="type-promotion-and-coercion" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Promotion and Coercion <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-promotion-and-coercion" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Promotion and Coercion"> Share link </button> </h4>Geode automatically promotes compatible types: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- INTEGER to FLOAT RETURN 1 + 2.5 -- Returns 3.5 (FLOAT) -- STRING to TIMESTAMP RETURN timestamp('2024-01-01') -- LIST concatenation RETURN [1, 2] + [3, 4] -- Returns [1, 2, 3, 4] </code></pre></div>See <a href="/docs/model/data-model-and-types/" >Data Model and Types</a> for complete type reference. <h3 id="modeling-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Modeling Patterns <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="modeling-patterns" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Modeling Patterns"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="entity-modeling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Entity Modeling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="entity-modeling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Entity Modeling"> Share link </button> </h4>Nodes for Entities: Model domain entities as nodes with labels: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Single label CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30}) -- Multiple labels for hierarchies CREATE (:Person:Employee:Manager { name: "Alice", employee_id: "E123", department: "Engineering" }) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-modeling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Modeling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-modeling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Modeling"> Share link </button> </h4>Relationships for Connections: Model associations as typed relationships: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Simple relationship MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS]->(b) -- Relationship with properties MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (c:Company {name: "Acme"}) CREATE (a)-[:WORKS_FOR { since: date('2020-01-01'), role: "Engineer", salary: money(150000, 'USD') }]->(c) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="property-modeling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Property Modeling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="property-modeling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Property Modeling"> Share link </button> </h4>Choose Property vs. Node: General guidelines: <ul> <li> Use Properties for: <ul> <li>Attributes of an entity (name, age, email)</li> <li>Simple values that don’t need relationships</li> <li>Data used primarily for filtering/sorting</li> </ul> </li> <li> Use Nodes for: <ul> <li>Entities that have their own relationships</li> <li>Shared reference data (cities, countries, categories)</li> <li>Complex entities with lifecycle management</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Property approach (simple) CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", city: "Seattle"}) -- Node approach (enables city relationships) CREATE (p:Person {name: "Alice"}) CREATE (c:City {name: "Seattle", state: "WA"}) CREATE (p)-[:LIVES_IN]->(c) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="denormalization-trade-offs" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Denormalization Trade-offs <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="denormalization-trade-offs" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Denormalization Trade-offs"> Share link </button> </h4>Unlike relational databases, property graphs benefit from selective denormalization: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Normalized (requires traversal) (:Person)-[:LIVES_IN]->(:City)-[:IN_STATE]->(:State) -- Denormalized (faster queries, more storage) (:Person {city: "Seattle", state: "WA"}) -- Hybrid (balanced approach) (:Person {city: "Seattle"})-[:LIVES_IN]->(:City {state: "WA"}) </code></pre></div> <h3 id="schema-design-best-practices" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Schema Design Best Practices <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="schema-design-best-practices" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Schema Design Best Practices"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="label-strategy" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Label Strategy <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="label-strategy" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Label Strategy"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Use meaningful, domain-specific labels (<code>:Person</code>, <code>:Product</code>, not <code>:Node1</code>)</li> <li>Use multiple labels for hierarchies (<code>:Person:Employee:Manager</code>)</li> <li>Keep label names singular (<code>:Person</code> not <code>:Persons</code>)</li> <li>Use UPPER_SNAKE_CASE for relationship types (<code>:WORKS_FOR</code>)</li> </ul> <h4 id="property-strategy" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Property Strategy <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="property-strategy" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Property Strategy"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Store immutable data in properties (birth_date, created_at)</li> <li>Use relationships for mutable associations (current_company, current_location)</li> <li>Denormalize frequently accessed paths for performance</li> <li>Normalize frequently updated data to reduce update overhead</li> </ul> <h4 id="performance-considerations" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Performance Considerations <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="performance-considerations" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Performance Considerations"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Create indexes on frequently queried properties</li> <li>Use unique constraints to prevent duplicates</li> <li>Design relationships for primary query patterns</li> <li>Consider cardinality when modeling relationships</li> </ul> See <a href="/docs/guides/schema-design/" >Schema Design Guide</a> for detailed patterns. <h3 id="constraints-and-validation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Constraints and Validation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="constraints-and-validation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Constraints and Validation"> Share link </button> </h3>Geode supports schema constraints: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- UNIQUE constraint CREATE CONSTRAINT person_email_unique FOR (p:Person) REQUIRE p.email IS UNIQUE -- NOT NULL constraint CREATE CONSTRAINT person_name_not_null FOR (p:Person) REQUIRE p.name IS NOT NULL -- NODE KEY (combined uniqueness + existence) CREATE CONSTRAINT person_ssn_key FOR (p:Person) REQUIRE (p.ssn) IS NODE KEY </code></pre></div>See <a href="/docs/model/data-model-and-types/" >Data Model and Types</a> for constraint details. <h3 id="learn-more" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Learn More <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="learn-more" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Learn More"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Query your graph model with GQL</li> <li><a href="/docs/guides/schema-design/" >Schema Design Guide</a> - Advanced modeling patterns</li> <li><a href="/docs/data-types/" >Data Types Reference</a> - Complete type system reference</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/indexing-and-optimization/" >Indexing and Optimization</a> - Index strategies for your model</li> <li><a href="/docs/use-cases/" >Use Cases</a> - Real-world modeling examples</li> </ul> <h3 id="examples-by-domain" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Examples by Domain <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="examples-by-domain" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Examples by Domain"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="social-network" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Social Network <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="social-network" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Social Network"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE GRAPH SocialNetwork; USE SocialNetwork; -- People CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", email: "[email protected]"}) CREATE (:Person {name: "Bob", email: "[email protected]"}) -- Relationships MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2020}]->(b) -- Posts CREATE (p:Post { content: "Hello, world!", created_at: timestamp(), likes: 0 }) MATCH (author:Person {name: "Alice"}), (p:Post) CREATE (author)-[:POSTED]->(p) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="e-commerce" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> E-Commerce <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="e-commerce" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: E-Commerce"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Products and Categories CREATE (:Product { sku: "WIDGET-001", name: "Super Widget", price: money(29.99, 'USD') })-[:IN_CATEGORY]->(:Category {name: "Widgets"}) -- Orders CREATE (o:Order { order_id: "ORD-123", created_at: timestamp(), status: "pending" }) MATCH (customer:Person {email: "[email protected]"}), (o:Order) CREATE (customer)-[:PLACED]->(o) </code></pre></div> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/model/data-model-and-types/" >Data Model and Types</a> - Complete reference</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Learn to query your model</li> <li><a href="/docs/tutorials/" >Tutorials</a> - Hands-on modeling exercises</li> </ul>

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Data Model and Types