Graph Query Language (GQL) Guide

<h2 id="graph-query-language-gql-guide" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Graph Query Language (GQL) Guide <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="graph-query-language-gql-guide" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Graph Query Language (GQL) Guide"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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} if(copyBtn && (e.target===copyBtn || (e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-copy')))) { e.preventDefault(); copyCurrent(); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{ if(e.key==='Escape' && isOpen()) closeModal(); }); function trapFocus(){ if(trapBound) return; trapBound=true; modal.addEventListener('keydown', f=>{ if(f.key==='Tab' && isOpen()){ const focusable=[...modal.querySelectorAll('a[href],button,input,textarea,select,[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])')].filter(el=>!el.hasAttribute('disabled')); if(!focusable.length) return; const first=focusable[0]; const last=focusable[focusable.length-1]; if(f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===first){ f.preventDefault(); last.focus(); } else if(!f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===last){ f.preventDefault(); first.focus(); } } }); } if(closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', e=>{ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); }); })(); </script>Learn Geode’s implementation of the ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Graph Query Language (GQL) standard with executable examples. <h3 id="what-gql-is-in-geode" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What GQL is in Geode <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-gql-is-in-geode" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What GQL is in Geode"> Share link </button> </h3>Geode implements ISO/IEC 39075:2024 compliance: <ul> <li>Complete pattern matching syntax</li> <li>Full aggregation and grouping support</li> <li>Set operations (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)</li> <li>Variable-length path patterns</li> <li>Subqueries and chained queries</li> <li>Transaction management</li> <li>Deterministic ordering and pagination</li> </ul> Standards vs Extensions: This guide clearly marks: <ul> <li>✅ Standard: ISO/IEC 39075:2024 compliant</li> <li>🔧 Extension: Geode-specific feature</li> <li>📋 Planned: Not yet supported</li> </ul> <h3 id="core-query-flow" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Core Query Flow <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="core-query-flow" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Core Query Flow"> Share link </button> </h3>The fundamental GQL query structure: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH <pattern> WHERE <predicate> RETURN <projection> ORDER BY <expression> LIMIT <count> </code></pre></div> <h4 id="example-basic-pattern-matching" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Example: Basic Pattern Matching <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="example-basic-pattern-matching" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Example: Basic Pattern Matching"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Match all Person nodes MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age; -- Match with predicate MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 25 RETURN p.name, p.age; -- Match relationship MATCH (p:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(friend:Person) RETURN p.name AS person, friend.name AS friend_name; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="example-multiple-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Example: Multiple Patterns <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="example-multiple-patterns" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Example: Multiple Patterns"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Match multiple patterns with comma separation MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"}), (a)-[r:KNOWS]->(b) RETURN r.since; -- Alternative: chain MATCH clauses MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}) MATCH (b:Person {name: "Bob"}) MATCH (a)-[r:KNOWS]->(b) RETURN r.since; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="writing-data" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Writing Data <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="writing-data" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Writing Data"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="create---insert-nodes-and-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> CREATE - Insert Nodes and Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="create---insert-nodes-and-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CREATE - Insert Nodes and Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create single node (✅ Standard) CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30}); -- Create multiple nodes CREATE (:Person {name: "Bob", age: 25}), (:Person {name: "Charlie", age: 35}); -- Create node and relationship in one statement CREATE (a:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS {since: 2020}]->(b:Person {name: "Bob"}); -- Create relationship between existing nodes MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2020}]->(b); </code></pre></div> <h4 id="set---update-properties" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> SET - Update Properties <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="set---update-properties" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: SET - Update Properties"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Set property (✅ Standard) MATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"}) SET p.age = 31; -- Set multiple properties MATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"}) SET p.age = 31, p.city = "NYC"; -- Add label MATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"}) SET p:Employee; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="delete---remove-nodes-and-relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> DELETE - Remove Nodes and Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="delete---remove-nodes-and-relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: DELETE - Remove Nodes and Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Delete relationship (✅ Standard) MATCH (a:Person)-[k:KNOWS]->(b:Person) WHERE a.name = "Alice" AND b.name = "Bob" DELETE k; -- Delete node (fails if relationships exist) MATCH (p:Person {name: "Charlie"}) DELETE p; -- DETACH DELETE - remove node and all its relationships MATCH (p:Person {name: "Charlie"}) DETACH DELETE p; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="merge---upsert-pattern" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> MERGE - Upsert Pattern <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="merge---upsert-pattern" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: MERGE - Upsert Pattern"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create if not exists, match if exists (✅ Standard) MERGE (p:Person {name: "Alice"}) ON CREATE SET p.created_at = timestamp() ON MATCH SET p.last_seen = timestamp() RETURN p; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="paths-and-pattern-matching" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Paths and Pattern Matching <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="paths-and-pattern-matching" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Paths and Pattern Matching"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="variable-length-patterns" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Variable-Length Patterns <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="variable-length-patterns" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Variable-Length Patterns"> Share link </button> </h4>✅ Standard: GQL supports variable-length path patterns with <code>*min..max</code> syntax. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Friends of friends (1 to 2 hops) MATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS*1..2]->(friend) RETURN DISTINCT friend.name; -- All reachable via KNOWS (unbounded) MATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS*]->(friend) RETURN friend.name; -- Exactly 3 hops MATCH (p:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS*3]->(friend) RETURN friend.name; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="path-helper-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Path Helper Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="path-helper-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Path Helper Functions"> Share link </button> </h4>✅ Standard path functions (from <code>API_REFERENCE.md</code>): <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Function</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Example</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>length(path)</code></td> <td>Number of edges in path</td> <td><code>RETURN length(p)</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>nodes(path)</code></td> <td>Array of nodes in path</td> <td><code>RETURN nodes(p)</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>relationships(path)</code></td> <td>Array of edges in path</td> <td><code>RETURN relationships(p)</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Example: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Find paths and analyze them MATCH path = (a:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS*1..3]->(b:Person) WHERE b.name = "Charlie" RETURN length(path) AS hops, [n IN nodes(path) | n.name] AS names, path; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="deterministic-ordering-and-pagination" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Deterministic Ordering and Pagination <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="deterministic-ordering-and-pagination" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Deterministic Ordering and Pagination"> Share link </button> </h4>🔧 Extension: Geode enforces deterministic ordering for pagination (from <code>match_tutorial.md</code>). Policy: <code>LIMIT</code> or <code>OFFSET</code> requires an explicit <code>ORDER BY</code>. Queries without an order clause are rejected with diagnostic <code>US001</code> to prevent non-deterministic pagination. <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Explicit ordering (required) MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age ORDER BY p.age DESC, p.name ASC LIMIT 10; -- Pagination with offset MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, p.age ORDER BY p.age DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20; -- ❌ Unordered pagination (rejected with US001) MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name LIMIT 10; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="aggregations-and-grouping" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Aggregations and Grouping <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="aggregations-and-grouping" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Aggregations and Grouping"> Share link </button> </h3>✅ Standard: Full aggregation support <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Count nodes MATCH (p:Person) RETURN COUNT(p) AS total_people; -- Group by and aggregate MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, COUNT(p) AS count, AVG(p.age) AS avg_age GROUP BY p.city; -- Multiple aggregates MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(friend) RETURN p.name, COUNT(friend) AS friend_count, AVG(friend.age) AS avg_friend_age, MIN(friend.age) AS youngest_friend, MAX(friend.age) AS oldest_friend; </code></pre></div>Supported aggregates (from <code>API_REFERENCE_GENERATED.md</code>): <ul> <li><code>COUNT()</code> - Count rows or non-null values</li> <li><code>SUM()</code> - Sum numeric values</li> <li><code>AVG()</code> - Average numeric values</li> <li><code>MIN()</code> - Minimum value</li> <li><code>MAX()</code> - Maximum value</li> </ul> <h3 id="set-operations" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Set Operations <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="set-operations" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Set Operations"> Share link </button> </h3>✅ Standard: UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- UNION - combine results MATCH (p:Person {city: "NYC"}) RETURN p.name UNION MATCH (p:Person {city: "LA"}) RETURN p.name; -- UNION ALL - keep duplicates MATCH (p:Person {city: "NYC"}) RETURN p.name UNION ALL MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(:Person {city: "NYC"}) RETURN p.name; -- INTERSECT - common results MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 RETURN p.name INTERSECT MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(:Person) RETURN p.name; -- EXCEPT - set difference MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name EXCEPT MATCH (p:Person {city: "NYC"}) RETURN p.name; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="transactions-in-gql" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Transactions in GQL <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="transactions-in-gql" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Transactions in GQL"> Share link </button> </h3>✅ Standard: Transaction control statements <h4 id="basic-transaction-flow" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Basic Transaction Flow <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="basic-transaction-flow" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Basic Transaction Flow"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Start transaction START TRANSACTION; -- Make changes CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30}); CREATE (:Person {name: "Bob", age: 25}); -- Commit changes COMMIT; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="rollback-on-error" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Rollback on Error <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="rollback-on-error" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Rollback on Error"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">START TRANSACTION; CREATE (:Person {name: "Charlie", age: 35}); -- Oops, something went wrong ROLLBACK; -- Changes are undone </code></pre></div> <h4 id="savepoints" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Savepoints <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="savepoints" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Savepoints"> Share link </button> </h4>🔧 Extension: Savepoint support for partial rollback <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">START TRANSACTION; CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30}); SAVEPOINT sp1; CREATE (:Person {name: "Bob", age: 25}); -- Rollback to savepoint (undoes Bob, keeps Alice) ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp1; COMMIT; </code></pre></div>See also: <a href="/docs/transactions/overview" >Transactions and Data Integrity</a> for MVCC and SSI details. <h3 id="functions-and-operators" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Functions and Operators <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="functions-and-operators" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Functions and Operators"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="string-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> String Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="string-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: String Functions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Concatenation MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name + " (" + toString(p.age) + ")" AS display; -- Case conversion MATCH (p:Person) RETURN upper(p.name), lower(p.name); -- Substring MATCH (p:Person) RETURN substring(p.name, 0, 3) AS short_name; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="numeric-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Numeric Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="numeric-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Numeric Functions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Math operations RETURN abs(-5), ceil(4.3), floor(4.7), round(4.5); -- Random RETURN rand() AS random_value; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="temporal-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Temporal Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="temporal-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Temporal Functions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Current timestamp RETURN timestamp() AS now; -- Date/time constructors (from TYPE_QUICK_REFERENCE.md) RETURN date('2024-01-15') AS d; RETURN time('14:30:00') AS t; RETURN timestamp('2024-01-15T14:30:00Z') AS ts; -- Interval arithmetic RETURN date('2024-01-15') + interval('P7D') AS next_week; </code></pre></div> <h4 id="type-conversion" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Conversion <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-conversion" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Conversion"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Explicit casting RETURN toInteger("42") AS int_val; RETURN toFloat("3.14") AS float_val; RETURN toString(42) AS str_val; RETURN toBoolean("true") AS bool_val; </code></pre></div>See <a href="/docs/reference/type-conversion" >Type Conversion Functions</a> for complete conversion rules. <h3 id="explain-and-profile" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> EXPLAIN and PROFILE <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="explain-and-profile" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: EXPLAIN and PROFILE"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="explain---query-plan" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> EXPLAIN - Query Plan <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="explain---query-plan" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: EXPLAIN - Query Plan"> Share link </button> </h4>✅ Standard: Show query execution plan without running <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">EXPLAIN MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(friend) WHERE p.age > 25 RETURN p.name, friend.name; </code></pre></div>Output: Logical plan with operators (Scan, Filter, Expand, Project). <h4 id="profile---execution-metrics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> PROFILE - Execution Metrics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="profile---execution-metrics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: PROFILE - Execution Metrics"> Share link </button> </h4>🔧 Extension: Show actual execution metrics <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person)-[:KNOWS]->(friend) WHERE p.age > 25 RETURN p.name, friend.name; </code></pre></div>Output: Actual rows processed, execution time, index usage. See <a href="/docs/query/indexing-and-optimization#explain-and-profile" >EXPLAIN and PROFILE</a> for detailed usage. <h3 id="session-management" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Session Management <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="session-management" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Session Management"> Share link </button> </h3>🔧 Extension: Session state persistence Sessions maintain: <ul> <li>Current graph context (<code>USE <graph></code>)</li> <li>Transaction state</li> <li>Prepared statements</li> <li>Session variables</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Set session graph USE SocialNetwork; -- All subsequent queries use this graph MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name; </code></pre></div>See <a href="/docs/transactions/overview#sessions" >Session Management</a> for details. <h3 id="extensions-vs-standard" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Extensions vs Standard <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="extensions-vs-standard" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Extensions vs Standard"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="currently-supported-extensions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Currently Supported Extensions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="currently-supported-extensions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Currently Supported Extensions"> Share link </button> </h4>🔧 Extensions (from <code>API_REFERENCE_GENERATED.md</code>): <ul> <li><code>FOREACH</code> - Iterate over list and execute statements</li> <li><code>SAVEPOINT</code> / <code>ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</code> - Partial transaction rollback</li> <li>Session-level graph context</li> <li>Deterministic ordering for pagination</li> </ul> <h4 id="planned-features" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Planned Features <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="planned-features" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Planned Features"> Share link </button> </h4>📋 Not Yet Supported (from <code>VALUES_MATCH_CHAINING_SPEC.md</code>): <ul> <li><code>VALUES</code> clause → <code>MATCH</code> chaining <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- NOT SUPPORTED YET VALUES (1), (2), (3) AS t(x) MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.id = t.x RETURN p; </code></pre></div></li> </ul> When this feature ships, the documentation will be updated with examples. <h3 id="complete-example-social-network" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Complete Example: Social Network <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="complete-example-social-network" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Complete Example: Social Network"> Share link </button> </h3><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create graph CREATE GRAPH SocialNetwork; USE SocialNetwork; -- Start transaction START TRANSACTION; -- Create people CREATE (:Person {name: "Alice", age: 30, city: "NYC"}), (:Person {name: "Bob", age: 25, city: "LA"}), (:Person {name: "Charlie", age: 35, city: "NYC"}), (:Person {name: "Diana", age: 28, city: "SF"}); -- Create relationships MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (b:Person {name: "Bob"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2020}]->(b); MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"}), (c:Person {name: "Charlie"}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2018}]->(c); MATCH (b:Person {name: "Bob"}), (d:Person {name: "Diana"}) CREATE (b)-[:KNOWS {since: 2021}]->(d); -- Commit COMMIT; -- Query: Who does Alice know? MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS]->(friend) RETURN friend.name, friend.city; -- Query: Mutual friends MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS]->(mutual)<-[:KNOWS]-(b:Person {name: "Bob"}) RETURN mutual.name; -- Query: Friends of friends (not direct friends) MATCH (a:Person {name: "Alice"})-[:KNOWS*2]->(fof) WHERE NOT (a)-[:KNOWS]->(fof) RETURN DISTINCT fof.name; -- Analytics: Average age by city MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, AVG(p.age) AS avg_age, COUNT(p) AS count GROUP BY p.city ORDER BY avg_age DESC; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/model/data-model-and-types" >Data Model and Types</a> - Property graph concepts and type system</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/indexing-and-optimization" >Indexing and Optimization</a> - Speed up queries with indexes</li> <li><a href="/docs/reference/cli-and-api" >API Reference</a> - Complete keyword/function reference</li> <li><a href="/docs/tutorials/overview" >Tutorials</a> - Step-by-step learning paths</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql/conformance-profile/" >GQL Compliance</a> - Detailed conformance notes</li> </ul>