PROFILE Command | Geode Database

<h2 id="profile-command" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> PROFILE Command <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="profile-command" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: PROFILE Command"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Share via</div> <div class="hsm-share-grid"> <a id="share-twitter" class="btn btn-outline-secondary w-100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Twitter </a> <a id="share-linkedin" class="btn btn-outline-secondary w-100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> LinkedIn </a> <a id="share-facebook" class="btn btn-outline-secondary w-100" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Facebook </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style> .heading-share-modal { position: fixed; inset: 0; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); z-index: 1050; padding: 1rem; backdrop-filter: blur(4px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px); } .heading-share-modal[hidden] { display: none !important; } .hsm-dialog { max-width: 420px; width: 100%; background: var(--bs-body-bg, #fff); color: var(--bs-body-color, #212529); border: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); border-radius: 1rem; box-shadow: 0 25px 50px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); overflow: hidden; animation: hsm-fade-in 0.2s ease-out; } @keyframes hsm-fade-in { from { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.95); } to { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); } } [data-bs-theme="dark"] .hsm-dialog { background: #1e293b; border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); color: #f8f9fa; } .hsm-header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 1rem 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--bs-border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); background: rgba(0,0,0,0.02); } [data-bs-theme="dark"] .hsm-header { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.02); border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.1); } .hsm-close { background: transparent; border: none; color: inherit; opacity: 0.5; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 0.25rem; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1; transition: opacity 0.2s; } .hsm-close:hover { opacity: 1; } .hsm-body { padding: 1.5rem; } .hsm-url-group { display: flex !important; align-items: stretch; } .hsm-url-group .form-control { flex: 1; min-width: 0; margin: 0; background: var(--bs-secondary-bg, #f8f9fa); border-color: var(--bs-border-color, #dee2e6); border-top-right-radius: 0; border-bottom-right-radius: 0; height: 42px; } .hsm-url-group .btn { flex: 0 0 auto; margin: 0; margin-left: -1px; border-top-left-radius: 0; border-bottom-left-radius: 0; height: 42px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 0 1.25rem; z-index: 2; } [data-bs-theme="dark"] .hsm-url-group .form-control { background: #0f172a; border-color: #334155; color: #e2e8f0; } .hsm-share-grid { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; } .hsm-share-grid .btn { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 0.6rem; border-color: var(--bs-border-color); width: 100%; } [data-bs-theme="dark"] .hsm-share-grid .btn { color: #e2e8f0; border-color: #475569; } [data-bs-theme="dark"] .hsm-share-grid .btn:hover { background: #334155; border-color: #cbd5e1; } </style> <script> (function(){ const modal = document.getElementById('headingShareModal'); if(!modal) return; const input = modal.querySelector('#headingShareInput'); const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-copy'); const twitter = modal.querySelector('#share-twitter'); const linkedin = modal.querySelector('#share-linkedin'); const facebook = modal.querySelector('#share-facebook'); const closeBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-close'); let lastFocus=null; let trapBound=false; function buildUrl(id){ return window.location.origin + window.location.pathname + '#' + id; } function isOpen(){ return !modal.hasAttribute('hidden'); } function hydrate(id){ const url=buildUrl(id); input.value=url; const enc=encodeURIComponent(url); const text=encodeURIComponent(document.title); if(twitter) twitter.href=`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=${enc}&text=${text}`; if(linkedin) linkedin.href=`https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=${enc}`; if(facebook) facebook.href=`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${enc}`; } function openModal(id){ lastFocus=document.activeElement; hydrate(id); if(!isOpen()){ modal.removeAttribute('hidden'); } requestAnimationFrame(()=>{ input.focus(); }); trapFocus(); } function closeModal(){ if(!isOpen()) return; modal.setAttribute('hidden',''); if(lastFocus && typeof lastFocus.focus==='function') lastFocus.focus(); } function copyCurrent(){ try{ navigator.clipboard.writeText(input.value).then(()=>feedback(true),()=>fallback()); } catch(e){ fallback(); } } function fallback(){ input.select(); try{ document.execCommand('copy'); feedback(true);}catch(e){ feedback(false);} } function feedback(ok){ if(!copyBtn) return; const icon=copyBtn.querySelector('i'); if(!icon) return; const prev=copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')||icon.className; if(!copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')) copyBtn.setAttribute('data-prev',prev); icon.className= ok ? 'fa-duotone fa-clipboard-check':'fa-duotone fa-circle-exclamation'; setTimeout(()=>{ icon.className=prev; },1800); } function handleShareClick(e){ e.preventDefault(); const btn=e.currentTarget; const id=btn.getAttribute('data-share-target'); if(id) openModal(id); } function bindShareButtons(){ document.querySelectorAll('.h-share').forEach(btn=>{ if(!btn.dataset.hShareBound){ btn.addEventListener('click', handleShareClick); btn.dataset.hShareBound='1'; } }); } bindShareButtons(); if(document.readyState==='loading'){ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bindShareButtons); } else { requestAnimationFrame(bindShareButtons); } document.addEventListener('click', function(e){ const shareBtn=e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.h-share'); if(shareBtn && !shareBtn.dataset.hShareBound){ handleShareClick.call(shareBtn, e); } }, true); document.addEventListener('click', e=>{ if(e.target===modal) closeModal(); if(e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-close')){ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); } if(copyBtn && (e.target===copyBtn || (e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-copy')))) { e.preventDefault(); copyCurrent(); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{ if(e.key==='Escape' && isOpen()) closeModal(); }); function trapFocus(){ if(trapBound) return; trapBound=true; modal.addEventListener('keydown', f=>{ if(f.key==='Tab' && isOpen()){ const focusable=[...modal.querySelectorAll('a[href],button,input,textarea,select,[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])')].filter(el=>!el.hasAttribute('disabled')); if(!focusable.length) return; const first=focusable[0]; const last=focusable[focusable.length-1]; if(f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===first){ f.preventDefault(); last.focus(); } else if(!f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===last){ f.preventDefault(); first.focus(); } } }); } if(closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', e=>{ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); }); })(); </script>The PROFILE command executes a query and returns execution statistics. Use it to measure actual query performance and identify bottlenecks. <h3 id="overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Overview <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="overview" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Overview"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="what-profile-does" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> What PROFILE Does <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="what-profile-does" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: What PROFILE Does"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Executes the query (unlike EXPLAIN)</li> <li>Collects execution metrics</li> <li>Returns performance statistics</li> <li>Measures actual resource usage</li> </ul> <h4 id="when-to-use-profile" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> When to Use PROFILE <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="when-to-use-profile" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: When to Use PROFILE"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Measuring query performance</li> <li>Comparing query alternatives with real data</li> <li>Identifying slow query sections</li> <li>Validating optimization improvements</li> <li>Benchmarking queries</li> </ul> <h3 id="syntax" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Syntax <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="syntax" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Syntax"> Share link </button> </h3><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE <statement> </code></pre></div>The PROFILE keyword prefixes any GQL statement: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (n:Person) RETURN n.name; PROFILE MATCH (a)-[:KNOWS]->(b) RETURN count(*); </code></pre></div> <h3 id="basic-examples" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Basic Examples <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="basic-examples" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Basic Examples"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="simple-query-profile" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Simple Query Profile <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="simple-query-profile" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Simple Query Profile"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name; </code></pre></div>Output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 42 | | columns | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 5 | </code></pre></div> <h4 id="aggregation-query" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Aggregation Query <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="aggregation-query" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Aggregation Query"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p) AS person_count; </code></pre></div>Output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 1 | | columns | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 3 | </code></pre></div> <h4 id="relationship-query" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationship Query <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationship-query" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationship Query"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person)-[:WORKS_FOR]->(c:Company) WHERE c.industry = 'Technology' RETURN p.name, c.name; </code></pre></div>Output: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 156 | | columns | 2 | | execution_time_ms | 12 | </code></pre></div> <h3 id="metrics-reference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Metrics Reference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="metrics-reference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Metrics Reference"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="current-metrics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Current Metrics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="current-metrics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Current Metrics"> Share link </button> </h4><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Metric</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Type</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>rows_returned</code></td> <td>Number of result rows</td> <td>Integer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>columns</code></td> <td>Number of result columns</td> <td>Integer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>execution_time_ms</code></td> <td>Total execution time (milliseconds)</td> <td>Integer</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="understanding-metrics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Understanding Metrics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="understanding-metrics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Understanding Metrics"> Share link </button> </h4>rows_returned <ul> <li>Total rows in the result set</li> <li>For aggregations, typically 1 or few rows</li> <li>High values may indicate missing LIMIT</li> </ul> columns <ul> <li>Number of columns in RETURN clause</li> <li>Corresponds to query structure</li> </ul> execution_time_ms <ul> <li>Wall-clock time for query execution</li> <li>Includes parsing, planning, and execution</li> <li>Compare across query variations</li> </ul> <h3 id="profile-analysis" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Profile Analysis <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="profile-analysis" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Profile Analysis"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="comparing-query-performance" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Comparing Query Performance <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="comparing-query-performance" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Comparing Query Performance"> Share link </button> </h4>Test different query formulations: Query A: Property Filter <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.status = 'active' RETURN count(p); </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 15 | </code></pre></div>Query B: Pattern Filter <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person {status: 'active'}) RETURN count(p); </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 8 | </code></pre></div>Analysis: Query B is faster with pattern-based filtering. <h4 id="beforeafter-optimization" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Before/After Optimization <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="beforeafter-optimization" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Before/After Optimization"> Share link </button> </h4>Before Index: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.email = 'alice@example.com' RETURN p; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 45 | </code></pre></div>After Creating Index: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE INDEX person_email ON Person(email); PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.email = 'alice@example.com' RETURN p; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 2 | </code></pre></div>Analysis: Index reduced execution time by 95%. <h4 id="result-set-size-analysis" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Result Set Size Analysis <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="result-set-size-analysis" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Result Set Size Analysis"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Large result set PROFILE MATCH (n:Node) RETURN n; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|---------| | rows_returned | 100000 | | execution_time_ms | 250 | </code></pre></div>Recommendation: Add LIMIT for interactive queries: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (n:Node) RETURN n LIMIT 100; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 100 | | execution_time_ms | 8 | </code></pre></div> <h3 id="complex-query-examples" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Complex Query Examples <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="complex-query-examples" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Complex Query Examples"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="aggregation-with-grouping" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Aggregation with Grouping <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="aggregation-with-grouping" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Aggregation with Grouping"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person)-[:LIVES_IN]->(c:City) RETURN c.name, count(p) AS population ORDER BY population DESC LIMIT 10; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 10 | | columns | 2 | | execution_time_ms | 25 | </code></pre></div> <h4 id="variable-length-path" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Variable-Length Path <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="variable-length-path" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Variable-Length Path"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH path = (a:Person {name: 'Alice'})-[:KNOWS*1..4]->(b:Person) RETURN count(DISTINCT b) AS reachable; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 1 | | columns | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 85 | </code></pre></div> <h4 id="multi-pattern-query" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Multi-Pattern Query <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="multi-pattern-query" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Multi-Pattern Query"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (c:Customer)-[:PURCHASED]->(p:Product) MATCH (p)-[:IN_CATEGORY]->(cat:Category) WHERE cat.name = 'Electronics' RETURN c.name, collect(p.name) AS products; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 245 | | columns | 2 | | execution_time_ms | 42 | </code></pre></div> <h3 id="performance-optimization-workflow" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Performance Optimization Workflow <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="performance-optimization-workflow" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Performance Optimization Workflow"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="step-1-baseline-measurement" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 1: Baseline Measurement <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-1-baseline-measurement" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 1: Baseline Measurement"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Measure current performance PROFILE MATCH (o:Order) WHERE o.date > date('2026-01-01') RETURN o.id, o.total ORDER BY o.total DESC; </code></pre></div>Record baseline: <code>execution_time_ms: 150</code> <h4 id="step-2-analyze-query" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 2: Analyze Query <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-2-analyze-query" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 2: Analyze Query"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Check execution plan EXPLAIN MATCH (o:Order) WHERE o.date > date('2026-01-01') RETURN o.id, o.total ORDER BY o.total DESC; </code></pre></div>Identify: No index on <code>Order.date</code> <h4 id="step-3-apply-optimization" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 3: Apply Optimization <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-3-apply-optimization" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 3: Apply Optimization"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create index CREATE INDEX order_date ON Order(date); </code></pre></div> <h4 id="step-4-measure-improvement" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Step 4: Measure Improvement <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="step-4-measure-improvement" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Step 4: Measure Improvement"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (o:Order) WHERE o.date > date('2026-01-01') RETURN o.id, o.total ORDER BY o.total DESC; </code></pre></div>New result: <code>execution_time_ms: 25</code> Improvement: 83% reduction in execution time. <h3 id="profiling-different-query-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Profiling Different Query Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="profiling-different-query-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Profiling Different Query Types"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="data-modification" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Modification <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-modification" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Modification"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE CREATE (p:Person {name: 'New Person', age: 25}); </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 0 | | columns | 0 | | execution_time_ms | 3 | </code></pre></div>Note: Modification queries execute fully; changes are committed. <h4 id="bulk-operations" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Bulk Operations <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="bulk-operations" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Bulk Operations"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.status = 'pending' SET p.status = 'active'; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 0 | | columns | 0 | | execution_time_ms | 45 | </code></pre></div> <h4 id="delete-operations" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> DELETE Operations <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="delete-operations" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: DELETE Operations"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:Person {temp: true}) DETACH DELETE p; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 0 | | columns | 0 | | execution_time_ms | 12 | </code></pre></div>Warning: PROFILE executes the query. For destructive operations, use a test database. <h3 id="best-practices" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Best Practices <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="best-practices" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Best Practices"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="safe-profiling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Safe Profiling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="safe-profiling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Safe Profiling"> Share link </button> </h4>DO: <ul> <li>Profile on test/staging environments first</li> <li>Use LIMIT when profiling SELECT queries</li> <li>Run multiple times for consistent measurements</li> <li>Profile during representative load conditions</li> </ul> DON’T: <ul> <li>Profile destructive queries on production without caution</li> <li>Compare profiles from different data sizes</li> <li>Ignore cold-start effects (first run may be slower)</li> </ul> <h4 id="consistent-measurements" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Consistent Measurements <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="consistent-measurements" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Consistent Measurements"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Run multiple times PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p); -- Run 1 PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p); -- Run 2 PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p); -- Run 3 -- Average the results for accuracy </code></pre></div> <h4 id="cache-warming" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Cache Warming <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="cache-warming" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Cache Warming"> Share link </button> </h4>First run may include cache warming overhead: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Cold run (may be slower) PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p); -- Warm run (cached data) PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN count(p); </code></pre></div>Compare warm runs for accurate benchmarks. <h3 id="profile-vs-explain" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> PROFILE vs EXPLAIN <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="profile-vs-explain" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: PROFILE vs EXPLAIN"> Share link </button> </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Aspect</th> <th>EXPLAIN</th> <th>PROFILE</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Executes query</td> <td>No</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shows plan</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes (with metrics)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Measures time</td> <td>No</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Counts rows</td> <td>No</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Data access</td> <td>None</td> <td>Full</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Side effects</td> <td>None</td> <td>Yes (for mutations)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Production safe</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Use caution</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h4 id="workflow-explain-first-then-profile" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Workflow: EXPLAIN First, Then PROFILE <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="workflow-explain-first-then-profile" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Workflow: EXPLAIN First, Then PROFILE"> Share link </button> </h4><ol> <li>EXPLAIN to understand the plan</li> <li>PROFILE to measure actual performance</li> <li>Optimize based on findings</li> <li>Repeat</li> </ol> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Step 1: Understand plan EXPLAIN MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 RETURN p; -- Step 2: Measure performance PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 RETURN p; -- Step 3: Optimize (e.g., create index) CREATE INDEX person_age ON Person(age); -- Step 4: Measure improvement PROFILE MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.age > 30 RETURN p; </code></pre></div> <h3 id="troubleshooting" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Troubleshooting <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="troubleshooting" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Troubleshooting"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="zero-rows-returned" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Zero Rows Returned <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="zero-rows-returned" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Zero Rows Returned"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (p:NonExistent) RETURN p; </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 0 | | columns | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 1 | </code></pre></div>Causes: <ul> <li>No matching data</li> <li>Incorrect label/property names</li> <li>WHERE clause too restrictive</li> </ul> Diagnosis: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Check if label exists MATCH (n) RETURN DISTINCT labels(n); -- Simplify query PROFILE MATCH (n) RETURN count(n); </code></pre></div> <h4 id="unexpectedly-slow-query" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Unexpectedly Slow Query <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="unexpectedly-slow-query" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Unexpectedly Slow Query"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (a)-[*]->(b) RETURN count(*); </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | rows_returned | 1 | | execution_time_ms | 15000 | </code></pre></div>Causes: <ul> <li>Unbounded variable-length path</li> <li>Large result set</li> <li>Missing indexes</li> </ul> Solution: Add bounds: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">PROFILE MATCH (a)-[*1..5]->(b) RETURN count(*); </code></pre></div> <h4 id="inconsistent-timing" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Inconsistent Timing <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="inconsistent-timing" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Inconsistent Timing"> Share link </button> </h4>If profiling shows different times on each run: <ol> <li>Run query multiple times (warm cache)</li> <li>Profile during consistent load</li> <li>Use average of multiple runs</li> <li>Check for concurrent operations</li> </ol> <h3 id="future-enhancements" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Future Enhancements <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="future-enhancements" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Future Enhancements"> Share link </button> </h3>Planned improvements to PROFILE: <h4 id="per-operator-metrics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Per-Operator Metrics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="per-operator-metrics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Per-Operator Metrics"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| operator | rows | time_ms | memory_kb | |-----------------------|-------|---------|-----------| | NodeScan | 1000 | 5 | 120 | | Filter | 500 | 2 | 80 | | ExpandRelationships | 2000 | 15 | 300 | | Project | 2000 | 1 | 50 | | TOTAL | 2000 | 23 | 550 | </code></pre></div> <h4 id="memory-profiling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Memory Profiling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="memory-profiling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Memory Profiling"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|----------| | peak_memory_kb | 102400 | | allocated_kb | 85000 | | cache_hits | 1250 | | cache_misses | 45 | </code></pre></div> <h4 id="io-statistics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> I/O Statistics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="io-statistics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: I/O Statistics"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">| metric | value | |---------------------|-------| | disk_reads | 125 | | disk_writes | 0 | | index_lookups | 42 | </code></pre></div> <h3 id="related-documentation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Related Documentation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="related-documentation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Related Documentation"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/explain/" >EXPLAIN Command</a> - View execution plans</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/performance-tuning/" >Query Performance Tuning</a> - Optimization guide</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/indexing-and-optimization/" >Indexing Guide</a> - Index strategies</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/explain-profile/" >EXPLAIN and PROFILE</a> - Detailed usage guide</li> </ul> <hr> Last Updated: January 28, 2026 Geode Version: v0.2.18+ GQL Compliance: ISO/IEC 39075:2024