Built-in Functions Reference

<h2 id="built-in-functions-reference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Built-in Functions Reference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="built-in-functions-reference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Built-in Functions Reference"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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This reference documents all available functions organized by category. <h3 id="function-categories" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Function Categories <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="function-categories" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Function Categories"> Share link </button> </h3><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Category</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Count</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#aggregate-functions" >Aggregate</a> </td> <td>Statistical computations over groups</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#string-functions" >String</a> </td> <td>Text manipulation</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#numeric-functions" >Numeric</a> </td> <td>Mathematical operations</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#list-functions" >List</a> </td> <td>Collection operations</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#map-functions" >Map</a> </td> <td>Key-value operations</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#temporal-functions" >Temporal</a> </td> <td>Date/time operations</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#type-functions" >Type</a> </td> <td>Type inspection and conversion</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#path-functions" >Path</a> </td> <td>Graph path operations</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#spatial-functions" >Spatial</a> </td> <td>Geographic operations</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#vector-functions" >Vector</a> </td> <td>ML embedding operations</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://geodedb.com/docs/gql-reference/functions/#predicate-functions" >Predicate</a> </td> <td>Boolean predicates</td> <td>6</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr> <h3 id="aggregate-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Aggregate Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="aggregate-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Aggregate Functions"> Share link </button> </h3>Aggregate functions compute a single result from multiple input rows. <h4 id="count" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> COUNT <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="count" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: COUNT"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns the number of rows or non-null values. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">COUNT(*) -> INTEGER COUNT(expression) -> INTEGER COUNT(DISTINCT expression) -> INTEGER </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Count all rows MATCH (n:Person) RETURN COUNT(*) AS total; -- Count non-null values MATCH (n:Person) RETURN COUNT(n.email) AS with_email; -- Count distinct values MATCH (n:Person) RETURN COUNT(DISTINCT n.city) AS unique_cities; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="sum" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> SUM <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="sum" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: SUM"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns the sum of numeric values. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">SUM(numeric_expression) -> FLOAT | INTEGER </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (o:Order) RETURN SUM(o.total) AS revenue; -- With grouping MATCH (o:Order) RETURN o.category, SUM(o.quantity) AS total_quantity GROUP BY o.category; </code></pre></div>Notes: <ul> <li>Returns NULL if all values are NULL</li> <li>Returns 0 for empty result set</li> </ul> <hr> <h4 id="avg" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> AVG <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="avg" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: AVG"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns the arithmetic mean. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">AVG(numeric_expression) -> FLOAT </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN AVG(p.age) AS average_age; -- Rounded average MATCH (p:Product) RETURN round(AVG(p.price), 2) AS avg_price; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="min--max" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> MIN / MAX <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="min--max" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: MIN / MAX"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns minimum or maximum value. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">MIN(expression) -> same type as input MAX(expression) -> same type as input </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN MIN(p.age) AS youngest, MAX(p.age) AS oldest; -- Works with strings (lexicographic) MATCH (p:Person) RETURN MIN(p.name) AS first_alphabetically; -- Works with dates MATCH (o:Order) RETURN MAX(o.order_date) AS most_recent; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="collect" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> COLLECT <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="collect" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: COLLECT"> Share link </button> </h4>Aggregates values into a list. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">COLLECT(expression) -> LIST COLLECT(DISTINCT expression) -> LIST </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Collect all values MATCH (p:Person)-[:LIVES_IN]->(c:City) RETURN c.name, COLLECT(p.name) AS residents; -- Collect distinct values MATCH (p:Person) RETURN COLLECT(DISTINCT p.city) AS unique_cities; -- Collect objects MATCH (p:Person) RETURN COLLECT({name: p.name, age: p.age}) AS people; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="stdev--stdevp" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> STDEV / STDEVP <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="stdev--stdevp" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: STDEV / STDEVP"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns standard deviation. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">STDEV(numeric_expression) -> FLOAT -- Sample standard deviation STDEVP(numeric_expression) -> FLOAT -- Population standard deviation </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (s:Score) RETURN STDEV(s.value) AS sample_stdev, STDEVP(s.value) AS population_stdev; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="percentile_cont--percentile_disc" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> PERCENTILE_CONT / PERCENTILE_DISC <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="percentile_cont--percentile_disc" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: PERCENTILE_CONT / PERCENTILE_DISC"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns percentile values. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">PERCENTILE_CONT(numeric_expression, percentile) -> FLOAT -- Continuous (interpolated) PERCENTILE_DISC(numeric_expression, percentile) -> FLOAT -- Discrete (actual value) </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person) RETURN PERCENTILE_CONT(p.salary, 0.5) AS median_salary, PERCENTILE_CONT(p.salary, 0.95) AS p95_salary; </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="string-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> String Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="string-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: String Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="lower--upper" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> lower / upper <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="lower--upper" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: lower / upper"> Share link </button> </h4>Converts string case. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">lower(string) -> STRING upper(string) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN lower('Hello World') AS lowercase; -- 'hello world' RETURN upper('Hello World') AS uppercase; -- 'HELLO WORLD' -- Case-insensitive comparison MATCH (p:Person) WHERE lower(p.email) = lower($input_email) RETURN p; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="trim--ltrim--rtrim" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> trim / ltrim / rtrim <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="trim--ltrim--rtrim" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: trim / ltrim / rtrim"> Share link </button> </h4>Removes whitespace. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">trim(string) -> STRING ltrim(string) -> STRING rtrim(string) -> STRING trim(string, characters) -> STRING -- Remove specific characters </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN trim(' hello ') AS trimmed; -- 'hello' RETURN ltrim(' hello ') AS left_trim; -- 'hello ' RETURN rtrim(' hello ') AS right_trim; -- ' hello' RETURN trim('xxhelloxx', 'x') AS custom; -- 'hello' </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="substring" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> substring <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="substring" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: substring"> Share link </button> </h4>Extracts a portion of a string. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">substring(string, start) -> STRING substring(string, start, length) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN substring('Hello World', 0, 5) AS sub; -- 'Hello' RETURN substring('Hello World', 6) AS rest; -- 'World' -- Negative start (from end) RETURN substring('Hello', -2) AS last_two; -- 'lo' </code></pre></div>Notes: <ul> <li>Start index is 0-based</li> <li>Negative start counts from end</li> </ul> <hr> <h4 id="replace" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> replace <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="replace" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: replace"> Share link </button> </h4>Replaces occurrences in a string. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">replace(string, search, replacement) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN replace('hello world', 'world', 'there') AS replaced; -- 'hello there' -- Remove characters RETURN replace('hello-world', '-', '') AS no_dashes; -- 'helloworld' </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="split" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> split <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="split" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: split"> Share link </button> </h4>Splits a string into a list. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">split(string, delimiter) -> LIST<STRING> </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN split('a,b,c', ',') AS parts; -- ['a', 'b', 'c'] RETURN split('hello world', ' ') AS words; -- ['hello', 'world'] </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="length-string" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> length (string) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="length-string" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: length (string)"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns string length. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">length(string) -> INTEGER </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN length('hello') AS len; -- 5 -- Unicode-aware RETURN length('') AS emoji_len; -- 1 (grapheme count) </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="reverse" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> reverse <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="reverse" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: reverse"> Share link </button> </h4>Reverses a string. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">reverse(string) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN reverse('hello') AS reversed; -- 'olleh' </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="left--right" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> left / right <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="left--right" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: left / right"> Share link </button> </h4>Extracts characters from start or end. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">left(string, count) -> STRING right(string, count) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN left('hello', 3) AS first_three; -- 'hel' RETURN right('hello', 3) AS last_three; -- 'llo' </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="lpad--rpad" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> lpad / rpad <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="lpad--rpad" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: lpad / rpad"> Share link </button> </h4>Pads a string to a length. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">lpad(string, length, pad_string) -> STRING rpad(string, length, pad_string) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN lpad('42', 5, '0') AS padded; -- '00042' RETURN rpad('hi', 5, '-') AS padded; -- 'hi---' </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="tostring" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> toString <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="tostring" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: toString"> Share link </button> </h4>Converts any value to string. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">toString(value) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN toString(42) AS str; -- '42' RETURN toString(3.14) AS str; -- '3.14' RETURN toString(true) AS str; -- 'true' RETURN toString(date('2026-01-28')) AS str; -- '2026-01-28' </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="numeric-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Numeric Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="numeric-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Numeric Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="abs" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> abs <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="abs" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: abs"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns absolute value. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">abs(number) -> same type </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN abs(-42) AS absolute; -- 42 RETURN abs(-3.14) AS absolute; -- 3.14 </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="ceil--floor" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> ceil / floor <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="ceil--floor" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: ceil / floor"> Share link </button> </h4>Rounds to integer. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">ceil(number) -> INTEGER floor(number) -> INTEGER </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN ceil(3.2) AS ceiling; -- 4 RETURN floor(3.8) AS floor_val; -- 3 RETURN ceil(-3.2) AS neg_ceil; -- -3 RETURN floor(-3.8) AS neg_floor; -- -4 </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="round" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> round <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="round" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: round"> Share link </button> </h4>Rounds to specified precision. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">round(number) -> INTEGER round(number, precision) -> FLOAT </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN round(3.5) AS rounded; -- 4 RETURN round(3.14159, 2) AS precise; -- 3.14 RETURN round(123.456, -1) AS tens; -- 120 </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="sign" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> sign <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="sign" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: sign"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns sign of number. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">sign(number) -> INTEGER -- Returns -1, 0, or 1 </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN sign(42) AS positive; -- 1 RETURN sign(-42) AS negative; -- -1 RETURN sign(0) AS zero; -- 0 </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="sqrt--cbrt" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> sqrt / cbrt <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="sqrt--cbrt" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: sqrt / cbrt"> Share link </button> </h4>Square root and cube root. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">sqrt(number) -> FLOAT cbrt(number) -> FLOAT </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN sqrt(16) AS square_root; -- 4.0 RETURN cbrt(27) AS cube_root; -- 3.0 </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="power--exp--log" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> power / exp / log <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="power--exp--log" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: power / exp / log"> Share link </button> </h4>Exponential and logarithmic functions. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">power(base, exponent) -> FLOAT exp(number) -> FLOAT -- e^x log(number) -> FLOAT -- Natural logarithm log10(number) -> FLOAT -- Base-10 logarithm </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN power(2, 10) AS two_to_ten; -- 1024.0 RETURN exp(1) AS e_value; -- 2.718281828... RETURN log(exp(1)) AS ln_e; -- 1.0 RETURN log10(100) AS log_100; -- 2.0 </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="sin--cos--tan" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> sin / cos / tan <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="sin--cos--tan" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: sin / cos / tan"> Share link </button> </h4>Trigonometric functions. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">sin(radians) -> FLOAT cos(radians) -> FLOAT tan(radians) -> FLOAT asin(value) -> FLOAT acos(value) -> FLOAT atan(value) -> FLOAT atan2(y, x) -> FLOAT </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN sin(0) AS sine_zero; -- 0.0 RETURN cos(0) AS cosine_zero; -- 1.0 RETURN atan2(1, 1) AS angle; -- 0.785398... (PI/4) </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="rand" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> rand <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="rand" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: rand"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns random number. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">rand() -> FLOAT -- Returns 0.0 <= x < 1.0 </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN rand() AS random_value; -- Random integer in range [1, 100] RETURN floor(rand() * 100) + 1 AS random_int; -- Random sample MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 10; </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="list-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> List Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="list-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: List Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="size--length" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> size / length <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="size--length" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: size / length"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns list length. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">size(list) -> INTEGER length(list) -> INTEGER -- Alias </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN size([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) AS count; -- 5 RETURN size([]) AS empty; -- 0 </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="head--last--tail" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> head / last / tail <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="head--last--tail" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: head / last / tail"> Share link </button> </h4>Extracts list elements. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">head(list) -> element type last(list) -> element type tail(list) -> LIST -- All except first </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN head([1, 2, 3]) AS first; -- 1 RETURN last([1, 2, 3]) AS final; -- 3 RETURN tail([1, 2, 3]) AS rest; -- [2, 3] </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="range" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> range <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="range" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: range"> Share link </button> </h4>Creates a list of integers. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">range(start, end) -> LIST<INTEGER> range(start, end, step) -> LIST<INTEGER> </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN range(1, 5) AS nums; -- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] RETURN range(0, 10, 2) AS evens; -- [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10] RETURN range(10, 1, -1) AS countdown; -- [10, 9, 8, ..., 1] </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="reverse-list" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> reverse (list) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="reverse-list" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: reverse (list)"> Share link </button> </h4>Reverses a list. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">reverse(list) -> LIST </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN reverse([1, 2, 3]) AS reversed; -- [3, 2, 1] </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="reduce" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> reduce <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="reduce" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: reduce"> Share link </button> </h4>Reduces a list to a single value. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">reduce(accumulator = initial_value, element IN list | expression) -> result </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Sum of list RETURN reduce(total = 0, x IN [1, 2, 3, 4] | total + x) AS sum; -- 10 -- Product RETURN reduce(prod = 1, x IN [1, 2, 3, 4] | prod * x) AS product; -- 24 -- String concatenation RETURN reduce(s = '', x IN ['a', 'b', 'c'] | s + x) AS concat; -- 'abc' -- Path total cost MATCH p = (a)-[rels*]->(b) RETURN reduce(cost = 0, r IN relationships(p) | cost + r.weight) AS total_cost; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="filter-list-comprehension" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> filter (list comprehension) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="filter-list-comprehension" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: filter (list comprehension)"> Share link </button> </h4>Filters a list. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">[element IN list WHERE condition] [element IN list WHERE condition | expression] </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Filter to even numbers RETURN [x IN [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] WHERE x % 2 = 0] AS evens; -- [2, 4, 6] -- Filter and transform RETURN [x IN [1, 2, 3, 4] WHERE x > 2 | x * 2] AS doubled; -- [6, 8] </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="concat---list-concatenation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> concat / + (list concatenation) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="concat---list-concatenation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: concat / &#43; (list concatenation)"> Share link </button> </h4>Concatenates lists. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">list1 + list2 -> LIST </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN [1, 2] + [3, 4] AS combined; -- [1, 2, 3, 4] </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="in-list-membership" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> IN (list membership) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="in-list-membership" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: IN (list membership)"> Share link </button> </h4>Tests list membership. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">element IN list -> BOOLEAN </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN 2 IN [1, 2, 3] AS contains; -- true RETURN 5 IN [1, 2, 3] AS contains; -- false MATCH (p:Person) WHERE p.role IN ['admin', 'manager'] RETURN p.name; </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="map-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Map Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="map-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Map Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="keys" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> keys <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="keys" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: keys"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns map keys. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">keys(map) -> LIST<STRING> keys(node) -> LIST<STRING> keys(relationship) -> LIST<STRING> </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN keys({name: 'Alice', age: 30}) AS k; -- ['name', 'age'] MATCH (n:Person) RETURN keys(n) AS property_names; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="values" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> values <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="values" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: values"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns map values. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">values(map) -> LIST </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN values({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}) AS vals; -- [1, 2, 3] </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="properties" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> properties <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="properties" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: properties"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns properties as map. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">properties(node) -> MAP properties(relationship) -> MAP </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person {name: 'Alice'}) RETURN properties(p) AS all_props; -- {name: 'Alice', age: 30, email: 'alice@example.com'} </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="temporal-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Temporal Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="temporal-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Temporal Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="date--time--timestamp" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> date / time / timestamp <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="date--time--timestamp" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: date / time / timestamp"> Share link </button> </h4>Constructs temporal values. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">date() -> DATE -- Current date date(string) -> DATE -- Parse ISO string date({year, month, day}) -> DATE -- From components time() -> TIME time(string) -> TIME timestamp() -> TIMESTAMP timestamp(string) -> TIMESTAMP </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN date() AS today; RETURN date('2026-01-28') AS specific; RETURN date({year: 2026, month: 1, day: 28}) AS from_parts; RETURN timestamp() AS now; RETURN timestamp('2026-01-28T14:30:00Z') AS specific_time; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="duration" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> duration <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="duration" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: duration"> Share link </button> </h4>Constructs duration values. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">duration(string) -> DURATION -- ISO 8601 format duration({days, hours, ...}) -> DURATION </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN duration('P7D') AS one_week; RETURN duration('PT2H30M') AS two_half_hours; RETURN duration({days: 7, hours: 12}) AS custom; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="temporal-arithmetic" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Temporal Arithmetic <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="temporal-arithmetic" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Temporal Arithmetic"> Share link </button> </h4>Operations: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Add duration to date RETURN date('2026-01-28') + duration('P7D') AS next_week; -- Subtract dates RETURN date('2026-01-28') - date('2026-01-01') AS days_between; -- Compare timestamps MATCH (e:Event) WHERE e.start_time > timestamp() - duration('P30D') RETURN e; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="temporal-component-extraction" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Temporal Component Extraction <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="temporal-component-extraction" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Temporal Component Extraction"> Share link </button> </h4>Functions: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN date('2026-01-28').year AS year; -- 2026 RETURN date('2026-01-28').month AS month; -- 1 RETURN date('2026-01-28').day AS day; -- 28 RETURN date('2026-01-28').dayOfWeek AS dow; -- 3 (Wednesday) RETURN date('2026-01-28').dayOfYear AS doy; -- 28 RETURN timestamp().hour AS hour; RETURN timestamp().minute AS minute; RETURN timestamp().second AS second; </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="type-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="type" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> type <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: type"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns relationship type. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">type(relationship) -> STRING </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (a)-[r]->(b) RETURN type(r) AS relationship_type; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="labels" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> labels <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="labels" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: labels"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns node labels. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">labels(node) -> LIST<STRING> </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n) RETURN labels(n) AS node_labels; -- Check for label MATCH (n) WHERE 'Person' IN labels(n) RETURN n; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="id" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> id <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="id" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: id"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns internal ID. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">id(node) -> INTEGER id(relationship) -> INTEGER </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (n:Person) RETURN id(n) AS internal_id, n.name; </code></pre></div>Note: Internal IDs may change; use application-defined IDs for stability. <hr> <h4 id="type-conversion-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Conversion Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-conversion-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Conversion Functions"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- To Integer toInteger('42') -- 42 toInteger(3.7) -- 3 toInteger(true) -- 1 -- To Float toFloat('3.14') -- 3.14 toFloat(42) -- 42.0 -- To Boolean toBoolean('true') -- true toBoolean(1) -- true toBoolean(0) -- false -- To String toString(42) -- '42' toString(true) -- 'true' </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="path-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Path Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="path-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Path Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="nodes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> nodes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="nodes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: nodes"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns all nodes in a path. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">nodes(path) -> LIST<NODE> </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = (a)-[*]->(b) RETURN nodes(p) AS path_nodes; -- Node names MATCH p = (a)-[*]->(b) RETURN [n IN nodes(p) | n.name] AS names; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: relationships"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns all relationships in a path. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">relationships(path) -> LIST<RELATIONSHIP> </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = (a)-[*]->(b) RETURN relationships(p) AS path_rels; -- Relationship types MATCH p = (a)-[*]->(b) RETURN [r IN relationships(p) | type(r)] AS types; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="length-path" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> length (path) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="length-path" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: length (path)"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns path length (number of relationships). Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">length(path) -> INTEGER </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH p = shortestPath((a)-[*]-(b)) RETURN length(p) AS hops; </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="spatial-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Spatial Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="spatial-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Spatial Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="geo_distance" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> geo_distance <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="geo_distance" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: geo_distance"> Share link </button> </h4>Calculates distance between two points. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">geo_distance(point1, point2) -> FLOAT -- Returns meters </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN geo_distance(latlon(40.7128, -74.0060), latlon(34.0522, -118.2437)) AS meters; MATCH (s:Store) RETURN s.name, geo_distance(s.location, $user_location) AS distance ORDER BY distance LIMIT 5; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="geo_within_box" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> geo_within_box <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="geo_within_box" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: geo_within_box"> Share link </button> </h4>Tests if point is within bounding box. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">geo_within_box(point, southwest, northeast) -> BOOLEAN </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (s:Store) WHERE geo_within_box(s.location, latlon(40.70, -74.05), latlon(40.75, -73.95)) RETURN s.name; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="geo_within_polygon" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> geo_within_polygon <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="geo_within_polygon" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: geo_within_polygon"> Share link </button> </h4>Tests if point is within polygon. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">geo_within_polygon(point, polygon) -> BOOLEAN </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="vector-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Vector Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Vector Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="vector_distance_l2" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> vector_distance_l2 <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector_distance_l2" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vector_distance_l2"> Share link </button> </h4>Euclidean distance between vectors. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">vector_distance_l2(vector1, vector2) -> FLOAT </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (d:Document) RETURN d.title, vector_distance_l2(d.embedding, $query_vector) AS distance ORDER BY distance LIMIT 10; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="vector_distance_cosine" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> vector_distance_cosine <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector_distance_cosine" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vector_distance_cosine"> Share link </button> </h4>Cosine distance between vectors. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">vector_distance_cosine(vector1, vector2) -> FLOAT </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="vector_distance_dot" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> vector_distance_dot <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector_distance_dot" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vector_distance_dot"> Share link </button> </h4>Dot product (inner product) of vectors. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">vector_distance_dot(vector1, vector2) -> FLOAT </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="vector_dimension" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> vector_dimension <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector_dimension" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: vector_dimension"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns vector dimensionality. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">vector_dimension(vector) -> INTEGER </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="predicate-functions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Predicate Functions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="predicate-functions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Predicate Functions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="exists" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> exists <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="exists" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: exists"> Share link </button> </h4>Tests if property or pattern exists. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">exists(property) -> BOOLEAN EXISTS { pattern } -> BOOLEAN </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Property exists MATCH (p:Person) WHERE exists(p.phone) RETURN p.name; -- Pattern exists MATCH (p:Person) WHERE EXISTS { (p)-[:MANAGES]->() } RETURN p.name AS managers; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="all--any--none--single" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> all / any / none / single <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="all--any--none--single" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: all / any / none / single"> Share link </button> </h4>List predicates. Signatures: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">all(x IN list WHERE predicate) -> BOOLEAN any(x IN list WHERE predicate) -> BOOLEAN none(x IN list WHERE predicate) -> BOOLEAN single(x IN list WHERE predicate) -> BOOLEAN </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- All elements satisfy RETURN all(x IN [2, 4, 6] WHERE x % 2 = 0) AS all_even; -- true -- Any element satisfies RETURN any(x IN [1, 2, 3] WHERE x > 2) AS has_large; -- true -- No element satisfies RETURN none(x IN [1, 2, 3] WHERE x < 0) AS all_positive; -- true -- Exactly one satisfies RETURN single(x IN [1, 2, 3] WHERE x > 2) AS exactly_one; -- true </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="coalesce" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> coalesce <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="coalesce" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: coalesce"> Share link </button> </h4>Returns first non-null value. Signature: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">coalesce(value1, value2, ...) -> first non-null </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN coalesce(null, 'default') AS result; -- 'default' RETURN coalesce(null, null, 42) AS result; -- 42 MATCH (p:Person) RETURN coalesce(p.nickname, p.name) AS display_name; </code></pre></div><hr> <h4 id="case-expression" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> CASE Expression <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="case-expression" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: CASE Expression"> Share link </button> </h4>Conditional logic. Syntax: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CASE expression WHEN value1 THEN result1 WHEN value2 THEN result2 ELSE default END CASE WHEN condition1 THEN result1 WHEN condition2 THEN result2 ELSE default END </code></pre></div>Examples: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Simple CASE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, CASE p.status WHEN 'active' THEN 'Active' WHEN 'pending' THEN 'Pending Approval' ELSE 'Inactive' END AS status_text; -- Searched CASE MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.name, CASE WHEN p.age < 18 THEN 'Minor' WHEN p.age < 65 THEN 'Adult' ELSE 'Senior' END AS age_group; </code></pre></div><hr> <h3 id="related-documentation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Related Documentation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="related-documentation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Related Documentation"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/reference/operators/" >Operators Reference</a> - All operators</li> <li><a href="/docs/reference/types/" >Data Types Reference</a> - Type system</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/specification/" >GQL Specification</a> - ISO standard</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Query tutorial</li> </ul> <hr> Last Updated: January 28, 2026 Geode Version: v0.2.18+ Function Count: 80+ built-in functions