GQL Query Language Reference

<h2 id="gql-query-language-reference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> GQL Query Language Reference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="gql-query-language-reference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: GQL Query Language Reference"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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const input = modal.querySelector('#headingShareInput'); const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-copy'); const twitter = modal.querySelector('#share-twitter'); const linkedin = modal.querySelector('#share-linkedin'); const facebook = modal.querySelector('#share-facebook'); const closeBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-close'); let lastFocus=null; let trapBound=false; function buildUrl(id){ return window.location.origin + window.location.pathname + '#' + id; } function isOpen(){ return !modal.hasAttribute('hidden'); } function hydrate(id){ const url=buildUrl(id); input.value=url; const enc=encodeURIComponent(url); const text=encodeURIComponent(document.title); if(twitter) twitter.href=`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=${enc}&text=${text}`; if(linkedin) linkedin.href=`https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=${enc}`; if(facebook) facebook.href=`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${enc}`; } function openModal(id){ lastFocus=document.activeElement; hydrate(id); if(!isOpen()){ modal.removeAttribute('hidden'); 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'fa-duotone fa-clipboard-check':'fa-duotone fa-circle-exclamation'; setTimeout(()=>{ icon.className=prev; },1800); } function handleShareClick(e){ e.preventDefault(); const btn=e.currentTarget; const id=btn.getAttribute('data-share-target'); if(id) openModal(id); } function bindShareButtons(){ document.querySelectorAll('.h-share').forEach(btn=>{ if(!btn.dataset.hShareBound){ btn.addEventListener('click', handleShareClick); btn.dataset.hShareBound='1'; } }); } bindShareButtons(); if(document.readyState==='loading'){ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bindShareButtons); } else { requestAnimationFrame(bindShareButtons); } document.addEventListener('click', function(e){ const shareBtn=e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.h-share'); if(shareBtn && !shareBtn.dataset.hShareBound){ handleShareClick.call(shareBtn, e); } }, true); document.addEventListener('click', e=>{ if(e.target===modal) closeModal(); if(e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-close')){ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); } if(copyBtn && (e.target===copyBtn || (e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-copy')))) { e.preventDefault(); copyCurrent(); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{ if(e.key==='Escape' && isOpen()) closeModal(); }); function trapFocus(){ if(trapBound) return; trapBound=true; modal.addEventListener('keydown', f=>{ if(f.key==='Tab' && isOpen()){ const focusable=[...modal.querySelectorAll('a[href],button,input,textarea,select,[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])')].filter(el=>!el.hasAttribute('disabled')); if(!focusable.length) return; const first=focusable[0]; const last=focusable[focusable.length-1]; if(f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===first){ f.preventDefault(); last.focus(); } else if(!f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===last){ f.preventDefault(); first.focus(); } } }); } if(closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', e=>{ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); }); })(); </script>Geode implements the ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Graph Query Language (GQL) 100% compliance. See the conformance profile for scope and diagnostics. <h3 id="overview" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Overview <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="overview" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Overview"> Share link </button> </h3>GQL is a declarative query language specifically designed for property graph databases. It provides powerful pattern matching capabilities, expressive syntax for graph traversals, and comprehensive data manipulation operations. <h3 id="key-features" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Key Features <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="key-features" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Key Features"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li>Pattern Matching: Express complex graph patterns with intuitive syntax</li> <li>Variable-Length Paths: Traverse relationships with flexible path lengths</li> <li>Aggregations: Built-in aggregate functions for analytics</li> <li>Transactions: Full ACID compliance with MVCC isolation</li> <li>Advanced Types: Support for 50+ specialized data types</li> <li>Set Operations: UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT for combining query results</li> </ul> <h3 id="basic-query-structure" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Basic Query Structure <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="basic-query-structure" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Basic Query Structure"> Share link </button> </h3><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Simple pattern match MATCH (n:Person) WHERE n.age > 30 RETURN n.name, n.age ORDER BY n.age DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h3 id="quick-reference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Quick Reference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="quick-reference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Quick Reference"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="pattern-matching" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Pattern Matching <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="pattern-matching" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Pattern Matching"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Node pattern (n:Label {property: value}) -- Relationship pattern -[:TYPE]-> -- Path pattern (a)-[:KNOWS*1..3]->(b) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="data-modification" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Modification <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-modification" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Modification"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create node CREATE (p:Person {name: 'Alice', age: 30}) -- Create relationship MATCH (a:Person {name: 'Alice'}), (b:Person {name: 'Bob'}) CREATE (a)-[:KNOWS {since: 2024}]->(b) -- Update properties MATCH (p:Person {name: 'Alice'}) SET p.age = 31 -- Delete MATCH (p:Person {name: 'Alice'}) DELETE p </code></pre></div> <h4 id="aggregations" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Aggregations <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="aggregations" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Aggregations"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Count MATCH (n:Person) RETURN count(n) -- Group by MATCH (p:Person) RETURN p.city, count(*) AS population GROUP BY p.city ORDER BY population DESC </code></pre></div> <h3 id="reference-topics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Reference Topics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="reference-topics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Reference Topics"> Share link </button> </h3>Detailed reference documentation for GQL: <ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/specification/" >GQL Specification</a> - ISO/IEC 39075:2024 standard reference</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/advanced-patterns/" >Advanced Pattern Matching</a> - Variable-length paths, shortest path, pattern predicates</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/functions/" >Built-in Functions</a> - All 80+ functions by category</li> </ul> <h3 id="related-documentation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Related Documentation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="related-documentation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Related Documentation"> Share link </button> </h3>For comprehensive GQL coverage, see also: <ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Complete query language guide</li> <li><a href="/docs/reference/types/" >Data Types Reference</a> - All 50+ supported types</li> <li><a href="/docs/reference/operators/" >Operators Reference</a> - All operators with examples</li> <li><a href="/docs/query/performance-tuning/" >Query Performance Tuning</a> - Optimization guide</li> <li><a href="/docs/guides/troubleshooting/" >Troubleshooting Guide</a> - Common query issues</li> </ul> <h3 id="isoiec-390752024-conformance-profile" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Conformance Profile <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="isoiec-390752024-conformance-profile" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Conformance Profile"> Share link </button> </h3>Geode publishes the ISO GQL conformance profile: <ul> <li>✅ Deterministic ordering and pagination policies</li> <li>✅ MATCH pattern matching with bounded expansions and OPTIONAL MATCH</li> <li>✅ Aggregations and set operations</li> <li>✅ Transaction semantics</li> <li>✅ Diagnostics aligned to the conformance profile</li> </ul> <h3 id="examples" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Examples <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="examples" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Examples"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="find-friends-of-friends" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Find Friends of Friends <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="find-friends-of-friends" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Find Friends of Friends"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (me:Person {name: 'Alice'})-[:KNOWS*2]->(fof:Person) WHERE fof <> me RETURN DISTINCT fof.name </code></pre></div> <h4 id="shortest-path" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Shortest Path <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="shortest-path" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Shortest Path"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH path = shortestPath((a:City {name: 'Seattle'})-[*]-(b:City {name: 'Boston'})) RETURN path, length(path) AS hops </code></pre></div> <h4 id="social-network-analysis" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Social Network Analysis <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="social-network-analysis" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Social Network Analysis"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">MATCH (p:Person)-[:POSTED]->(post:Post) WHERE post.timestamp > timestamp('2024-01-01') RETURN p.name, count(post) AS posts ORDER BY posts DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/specification/" >GQL Specification</a> - ISO standard reference</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/advanced-patterns/" >Advanced Patterns</a> - Complex pattern matching</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql-reference/functions/" >Functions Reference</a> - Built-in functions</li> <li><a href="/docs/gql/guide/" >GQL Guide</a> - Query language tutorial</li> </ul>

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