Data Types Reference | Geode Database

<h2 id="data-types-reference" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Types Reference <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-types-reference" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Types Reference"> Share link </button> </h2><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Permalink</label> <div class="input-group mb-4 hsm-url-group"> <input id="headingShareInput" type="text" class="form-control font-monospace" readonly aria-readonly="true" style="font-size: 0.85rem;" /> <button class="btn btn-primary hsm-copy" type="button" aria-label="Copy" title="Copy"> </button> </div> <div class="small fw-bold mb-2 text-muted text-uppercase" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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const input = modal.querySelector('#headingShareInput'); const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-copy'); const twitter = modal.querySelector('#share-twitter'); const linkedin = modal.querySelector('#share-linkedin'); const facebook = modal.querySelector('#share-facebook'); const closeBtn = modal.querySelector('.hsm-close'); let lastFocus=null; let trapBound=false; function buildUrl(id){ return window.location.origin + window.location.pathname + '#' + id; } function isOpen(){ return !modal.hasAttribute('hidden'); } function hydrate(id){ const url=buildUrl(id); input.value=url; const enc=encodeURIComponent(url); const text=encodeURIComponent(document.title); if(twitter) twitter.href=`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=${enc}&text=${text}`; if(linkedin) linkedin.href=`https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=${enc}`; if(facebook) facebook.href=`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${enc}`; } function openModal(id){ lastFocus=document.activeElement; hydrate(id); if(!isOpen()){ modal.removeAttribute('hidden'); } requestAnimationFrame(()=>{ input.focus(); }); trapFocus(); } function closeModal(){ if(!isOpen()) return; modal.setAttribute('hidden',''); if(lastFocus && typeof lastFocus.focus==='function') lastFocus.focus(); } function copyCurrent(){ try{ navigator.clipboard.writeText(input.value).then(()=>feedback(true),()=>fallback()); } catch(e){ fallback(); } } function fallback(){ input.select(); try{ document.execCommand('copy'); feedback(true);}catch(e){ feedback(false);} } function feedback(ok){ if(!copyBtn) return; const icon=copyBtn.querySelector('i'); if(!icon) return; const prev=copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')||icon.className; if(!copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')) copyBtn.setAttribute('data-prev',prev); icon.className= ok ? 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closeModal(); } if(copyBtn && (e.target===copyBtn || (e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-copy')))) { e.preventDefault(); copyCurrent(); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{ if(e.key==='Escape' && isOpen()) closeModal(); }); function trapFocus(){ if(trapBound) return; trapBound=true; modal.addEventListener('keydown', f=>{ if(f.key==='Tab' && isOpen()){ const focusable=[...modal.querySelectorAll('a[href],button,input,textarea,select,[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])')].filter(el=>!el.hasAttribute('disabled')); if(!focusable.length) return; const first=focusable[0]; const last=focusable[focusable.length-1]; if(f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===first){ f.preventDefault(); last.focus(); } else if(!f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===last){ f.preventDefault(); first.focus(); } } }); } if(closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', e=>{ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); }); })(); </script>Geode provides a comprehensive type system with over 50 specialized data types designed for modern applications, including advanced support for vectors, geographic data, network addresses, cryptographic types, and more. <h3 id="type-categories" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Categories <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-categories" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Categories"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="core-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Core Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="core-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Core Types"> Share link </button> </h4>The foundational types that form the basis of the type system: <ul> <li>Null - Absence of value with SQL semantics</li> <li>Boolean - True, false, or null</li> <li>Integer (i64) - Default integer type</li> <li>String - UTF-8 encoded text</li> </ul> <h4 id="numeric-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Numeric Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="numeric-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Numeric Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Precision numeric types for different use cases: <ul> <li>SmallInt (i16) - 16-bit signed integer</li> <li>Int (i32) - 32-bit signed integer</li> <li>BigInt (i64) - 64-bit signed integer</li> <li>Real (f32) - Single-precision floating point</li> <li>Double (f64) - Double-precision floating point</li> <li>Decimal128 - 38-digit precision decimal with banker’s rounding</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN SmallInt(42), Int(1000), BigInt(9999999), Real(3.14), Double(3.14159), Decimal(123.45, 2) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="string-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> String Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="string-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: String Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Specialized string types with different constraints: <ul> <li>Char(n) - Fixed-length character string</li> <li>Varchar(n) - Variable-length with maximum</li> <li>Text - Unlimited length UTF-8 text</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN Char('Hello', 10), Varchar('World', 50), Text('Long text...') </code></pre></div> <h4 id="temporal-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Temporal Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="temporal-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Temporal Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Date and time types with timezone support: <ul> <li>Date - Calendar date (YYYY-MM-DD)</li> <li>Time - Time of day with microsecond precision</li> <li>TimeTZ - Time with timezone offset</li> <li>Timestamp - Date and time</li> <li>TimestampTZ - Timestamp with timezone (stored as UTC)</li> <li>Interval - Duration (ISO-8601 format)</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN Date('2024-12-25'), Time('14:30:00.123456'), TimeTZ('14:30:00', -28800), Timestamp('2024-12-25 14:30:00'), TimestampTZ('2024-12-25 14:30:00 -08:00'), Interval('P1Y2M3DT4H5M6S') </code></pre></div> <h4 id="network-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Network Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="network-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Network Types"> Share link </button> </h4>First-class support for network addresses: <ul> <li>IpAddr - IPv4 or IPv6 address with RFC 5952 canonicalization</li> <li>Subnet (CIDR) - Network prefix with host bits zeroed</li> <li>Mac (EUI-48) - MAC address in uppercase colon notation</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Network operations RETURN IpAddr('192.168.1.1'), Subnet('192.168.0.0/24'), Mac('00:11:22:33:44:55') -- Network functions MATCH (device {ip: IpAddr('10.0.1.5')}) WHERE ip_contains(Subnet('10.0.0.0/16'), device.ip) RETURN device </code></pre></div> <h4 id="geographic-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Geographic Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="geographic-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Geographic Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Spatial data types with R-tree indexing: <ul> <li>LatLon - Geographic coordinate (WGS84)</li> <li>LatLonAlt - Coordinate with altitude</li> <li>GeoPoint - Enhanced geographic point with metadata</li> <li>Geometry - WKB format with GeoJSON output</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Geographic queries CREATE (loc:Location { coords: LatLon('40.7128,-74.0060'), name: 'New York City' }) -- Distance calculation MATCH (a:Location), (b:Location) RETURN a.name, b.name, distanceKm(a.coords, b.coords) AS distance_km ORDER BY distance_km </code></pre></div> <h4 id="vector-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Vector Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Vector Types"> Share link </button> </h4>High-dimensional vector support for machine learning: <ul> <li>VectorF32 - Single-precision float vectors (up to 65,535 dimensions)</li> <li>VectorI32 - Integer vectors for discrete features</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Vector similarity search MATCH (doc:Document) WHERE cosineSimilarity(doc.embedding, VectorF32('[0.1, 0.2, 0.3]')) > 0.8 RETURN doc.title, doc.content ORDER BY cosineSimilarity(doc.embedding, VectorF32('[0.1, 0.2, 0.3]')) DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div>HNSW Index Support: Automatic approximate nearest neighbor search with 6 distance metrics (L2, cosine, dot product, Manhattan, Hamming, Jaccard). <h4 id="cryptographic-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Cryptographic Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="cryptographic-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Cryptographic Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Security-focused types: <ul> <li>Hash - SHA3-256, SHA3-512, BLAKE3 with constant-time comparison</li> <li>Currency (ISO-4217) - Three-letter currency code with decimal validation</li> <li>UUID - Version 4 and 7 UUIDs</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN Hash('SHA3-256', 'deadbeef..'), Currency('USD'), uuid_v4() AS random_id, uuid_v7() AS time_ordered_id </code></pre></div> <h4 id="advanced-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Advanced Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="advanced-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Advanced Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Specialized types for complex use cases: <ul> <li>Bytea - Binary data (hex format: <code>\xDEADBEEF</code>)</li> <li>Json - JSON text with validation</li> <li>Jsonb - Binary JSON with canonical form and sorted keys</li> <li>XML - Well-formed XML (no DTD)</li> <li>URL/URI - WHATWG URL standard with IDNA support</li> <li>Domain/FQDN - Domain name with punycode for IDN</li> <li>Enum - Schema-backed enumeration types</li> <li>Array - Homogeneous element arrays</li> <li>BitString - Bit and VarBit types</li> <li>Range - Range types with bounds (<code>[)</code>, <code>[]</code>, <code>()</code>, <code>(]</code>)</li> </ul> <h4 id="physical-quantities" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Physical Quantities <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="physical-quantities" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Physical Quantities"> Share link </button> </h4>Types with unit conversion: <ul> <li>Temperature - K, C, F (stored as Kelvin)</li> <li>Pressure - Pa, kPa, bar, atm (stored as Pascals)</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN Temperature(100, 'C'), -- Stored as 373.15 K Pressure(1, 'atm') -- Stored as 101,325 Pa </code></pre></div> <h4 id="locale-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Locale Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="locale-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Locale Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Internationalization support: <ul> <li>LanguageTag (BCP-47) - Canonicalized language tags with alias resolution</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">RETURN LanguageTag('en-US'), lang_canonicalize('iw-IL') -- Returns 'he-IL' </code></pre></div> <h3 id="type-constructors" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Constructors <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-constructors" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Constructors"> Share link </button> </h3>Each type has a constructor function for explicit type creation: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Numeric constructors SmallInt(42) Int(1000) BigInt(9999999) Real(3.14) Double(3.14159) Decimal(123.45, 2) -- String constructors Char('Hello', 10) Varchar('World', 50) Text('Long text') -- Temporal constructors Date('2024-12-25') Time('14:30:00') Timestamp('2024-12-25 14:30:00') -- Network constructors IpAddr('192.168.1.1') Subnet('10.0.0.0/8') Mac('00:11:22:33:44:55') -- Geographic constructors LatLon('40.7128,-74.0060') LatLonAlt('40.7128,-74.0060,100.0') -- Vector constructors VectorF32('[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]') VectorI32('[1, 2, 3]') </code></pre></div> <h3 id="type-conversions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Type Conversions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="type-conversions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Type Conversions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="implicit-conversions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Implicit Conversions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="implicit-conversions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Implicit Conversions"> Share link </button> </h4>Automatic conversions follow standard promotion rules: <ul> <li>SmallInt → Int → BigInt</li> <li>Real → Double</li> <li>Int → Decimal (scale 0)</li> <li>Char → Varchar → Text</li> </ul> <h4 id="null-propagation" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> NULL Propagation <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="null-propagation" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: NULL Propagation"> Share link </button> </h4>Operations with NULL input return NULL, except: <ul> <li><code>IS NULL</code> and <code>IS NOT NULL</code></li> <li><code>COALESCE()</code></li> </ul> <h3 id="indexes-by-type" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Indexes by Type <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="indexes-by-type" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Indexes by Type"> Share link </button> </h3>Different index types optimize different data types: <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Index Type</th> <th>Supported Types</th> <th>Use Case</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>B-tree</td> <td>Numeric, String, Temporal</td> <td>Range queries, sorting</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hash</td> <td>Any equality-comparable</td> <td>Exact match lookups</td> </tr> <tr> <td>R-tree</td> <td>LatLon, LatLonAlt, GeoPoint</td> <td>Spatial queries</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HNSW</td> <td>VectorF32, VectorI32</td> <td>K-nearest neighbor search</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Full-text</td> <td>Text, Varchar</td> <td>Text search with ranking</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Patricia Trie</td> <td>IpAddr, Subnet</td> <td>IP prefix matching</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="performance-characteristics" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Performance Characteristics <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="performance-characteristics" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Performance Characteristics"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="storage-efficiency" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Storage Efficiency <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="storage-efficiency" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Storage Efficiency"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>Compact binary encodings minimize storage overhead</li> <li>Canonical forms reduce duplication</li> <li>Compression-friendly layouts</li> </ul> <h4 id="query-complexity" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Complexity <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-complexity" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Complexity"> Share link </button> </h4><ul> <li>SIMD acceleration: Vectorized operations for supported types</li> <li>Patricia trie: O(32) for IPv4, O(128) for IPv6 lookups</li> <li>HNSW: O(log N) approximate K-NN search</li> <li>R-tree: Sub-linear spatial queries</li> </ul> <h3 id="error-handling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Error Handling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="error-handling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Error Handling"> Share link </button> </h3>Type-specific errors provide clear diagnostics: <ul> <li><code>ERR_FLOAT_NAN</code> - NaN or Inf not allowed</li> <li><code>ERR_CHAR_LEN</code> - Character limit exceeded</li> <li><code>ERR_IP_PARSE</code> - Invalid IP address</li> <li><code>ERR_JSON_INVALID</code> - Malformed JSON</li> <li><code>ERR_RANGE_BOUNDS</code> - Invalid range bounds</li> </ul> <h3 id="examples" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Examples <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="examples" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Examples"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="vector-similarity-search" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Vector Similarity Search <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="vector-similarity-search" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Vector Similarity Search"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create HNSW index for fast similarity search CREATE INDEX embedding_idx ON Document(embedding) USING vector; -- Find similar documents MATCH (doc:Document) WHERE distance(doc.embedding, VectorF32('[0.1, 0.2, 0.3]'), 'l2') < 0.5 RETURN doc.title, doc.content ORDER BY distance(doc.embedding, VectorF32('[0.1, 0.2, 0.3]'), 'l2') LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="geographic-radius-search" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Geographic Radius Search <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="geographic-radius-search" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Geographic Radius Search"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create spatial index CREATE INDEX location_coords_idx ON Location(coordinates) USING spatial; -- Find locations within 10km MATCH (loc:Location) WHERE distanceKm(loc.coordinates, LatLon('40.7128,-74.0060')) < 10 RETURN loc.name, distanceKm(loc.coordinates, LatLon('40.7128,-74.0060')) AS distance ORDER BY distance </code></pre></div> <h4 id="network-subnet-queries" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Network Subnet Queries <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="network-subnet-queries" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Network Subnet Queries"> Share link </button> </h4><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create CIDR index CREATE INDEX device_network_idx ON Device(ip) USING patricia_trie; -- Find all devices in subnet MATCH (device:Device) WHERE ip_contains(Subnet('10.0.0.0/16'), device.ip) RETURN device.name, device.ip </code></pre></div> <h3 id="next-steps" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Next Steps <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="next-steps" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Next Steps"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="../gql-reference/" >GQL Reference</a> - Query language syntax</li> <li><a href="../api-reference/" >Functions Reference</a> - Type manipulation functions</li> <li><a href="/docs/reference/indexes/" >Index Types</a> - Index configuration guide</li> </ul>