Category: Core Concepts

Core concepts form the foundation of understanding Geode graph database, providing the essential knowledge needed to model data, write queries, manage transactions, and build robust applications. These fundamental principles underpin everything from simple graph traversals to complex analytical workloads, security policies, and distributed deployments. Mastering these concepts enables developers and architects to leverage Geode’s full capabilities effectively. Geode’s core concepts include graph data models (nodes, relationships, properties, labels), the ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Graph Query Language (GQL), ACID transactions with MVCC isolation, indexes for efficient lookups, and security primitives including authentication and Row-Level Security (RLS). Each concept builds on others to create a cohesive, powerful platform for managing connected data at scale. This category explores these foundational concepts in depth, explaining not just what they are but why they matter, how they work in Geode’s architecture, and how to apply them effectively in real-world scenarios. Whether you’re new to graph databases or transitioning from other platforms, these core concepts provide the mental models needed for success. <h3 id="graph-data-model" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Graph Data Model <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="graph-data-model" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Graph Data Model"> Share link </button> </h3><div id="headingShareModal" class="heading-share-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="headingShareTitle" hidden> <div class="hsm-dialog" role="document"> <div class="hsm-header"> <h2 id="headingShareTitle" class="h6 mb-0 fw-bold">Share this section</h2> <button type="button" class="hsm-close" aria-label="Close"> </button> </div> <div class="hsm-body"> <label for="headingShareInput" class="form-label small text-muted mb-1 text-uppercase fw-bold" style="font-size: 0.7rem; 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const enc=encodeURIComponent(url); const text=encodeURIComponent(document.title); if(twitter) twitter.href=`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=${enc}&text=${text}`; if(linkedin) linkedin.href=`https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=${enc}`; if(facebook) facebook.href=`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${enc}`; } function openModal(id){ lastFocus=document.activeElement; hydrate(id); if(!isOpen()){ modal.removeAttribute('hidden'); } requestAnimationFrame(()=>{ input.focus(); }); trapFocus(); } function closeModal(){ if(!isOpen()) return; modal.setAttribute('hidden',''); if(lastFocus && typeof lastFocus.focus==='function') lastFocus.focus(); } function copyCurrent(){ try{ navigator.clipboard.writeText(input.value).then(()=>feedback(true),()=>fallback()); } catch(e){ fallback(); } } function fallback(){ input.select(); try{ document.execCommand('copy'); feedback(true);}catch(e){ feedback(false);} } function feedback(ok){ if(!copyBtn) return; const icon=copyBtn.querySelector('i'); if(!icon) return; const prev=copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')||icon.className; if(!copyBtn.getAttribute('data-prev')) copyBtn.setAttribute('data-prev',prev); icon.className= ok ? 'fa-duotone fa-clipboard-check':'fa-duotone fa-circle-exclamation'; setTimeout(()=>{ icon.className=prev; },1800); } function handleShareClick(e){ e.preventDefault(); const btn=e.currentTarget; const id=btn.getAttribute('data-share-target'); if(id) openModal(id); } function bindShareButtons(){ document.querySelectorAll('.h-share').forEach(btn=>{ if(!btn.dataset.hShareBound){ btn.addEventListener('click', handleShareClick); btn.dataset.hShareBound='1'; } }); } bindShareButtons(); if(document.readyState==='loading'){ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bindShareButtons); } else { requestAnimationFrame(bindShareButtons); } document.addEventListener('click', function(e){ const shareBtn=e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.h-share'); if(shareBtn && !shareBtn.dataset.hShareBound){ handleShareClick.call(shareBtn, e); } }, true); document.addEventListener('click', e=>{ if(e.target===modal) closeModal(); if(e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-close')){ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); } if(copyBtn && (e.target===copyBtn || (e.target.closest && e.target.closest('.hsm-copy')))) { e.preventDefault(); copyCurrent(); } }); document.addEventListener('keydown', e=>{ if(e.key==='Escape' && isOpen()) closeModal(); }); function trapFocus(){ if(trapBound) return; trapBound=true; modal.addEventListener('keydown', f=>{ if(f.key==='Tab' && isOpen()){ const focusable=[...modal.querySelectorAll('a[href],button,input,textarea,select,[tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])')].filter(el=>!el.hasAttribute('disabled')); if(!focusable.length) return; const first=focusable[0]; const last=focusable[focusable.length-1]; if(f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===first){ f.preventDefault(); last.focus(); } else if(!f.shiftKey && document.activeElement===last){ f.preventDefault(); first.focus(); } } }); } if(closeBtn) closeBtn.addEventListener('click', e=>{ e.preventDefault(); closeModal(); }); })(); </script> <h4 id="nodes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Nodes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="nodes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Nodes"> Share link </button> </h4>Nodes represent entities in your domain. Each node can have: <ul> <li>Zero or more labels (types)</li> <li>Properties (key-value pairs)</li> <li>Relationships to other nodes</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create nodes with labels and properties CREATE (:User { id: 1, name: 'Alice', email: 'alice@example.com', created_at: datetime() }) CREATE (:Product { id: 101, title: 'Graph Database Guide', price: 49.99, category: 'Books' }) </code></pre></div>Key characteristics: <ul> <li>Nodes are the fundamental unit of data storage</li> <li>Labels enable categorization and indexing</li> <li>Properties store actual data</li> <li>Nodes can have multiple labels: <code>(:User:PremiumUser:Subscriber)</code></li> </ul> <h4 id="relationships" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Relationships <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="relationships" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Relationships"> Share link </button> </h4>Relationships connect nodes and model the graph structure. Each relationship has: <ul> <li>A single type (semantic meaning)</li> <li>Direction (from source to target)</li> <li>Properties (attributes of the relationship)</li> <li>References to source and target nodes</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create relationships with properties MATCH (u:User {id: 1}), (p:Product {id: 101}) CREATE (u)-[:PURCHASED { price: 49.99, quantity: 1, timestamp: datetime(), discount_applied: true }]->(p) -- Relationships have direction MATCH (alice:User {name: 'Alice'}), (bob:User {name: 'Bob'}) CREATE (alice)-[:FRIEND_OF]->(bob) CREATE (bob)-[:FRIEND_OF]->(alice) -- Bidirectional requires two relationships </code></pre></div>Key characteristics: <ul> <li>Relationships always have a type and direction</li> <li>Traversing relationships is O(1) per relationship</li> <li>Relationship properties enable rich modeling</li> <li>Bi-directional traversal is efficient regardless of direction</li> </ul> <h4 id="properties" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Properties <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="properties" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Properties"> Share link </button> </h4>Properties are key-value pairs attached to nodes or relationships: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Supported property types CREATE (:Example { string_prop: 'text value', integer_prop: 42, float_prop: 3.14159, boolean_prop: true, date_prop: date('2025-01-24'), datetime_prop: datetime(), list_prop: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], map_prop: {key1: 'value1', key2: 'value2'}, null_prop: NULL, vector_prop: [0.1, 0.2, 0.3] -- For vector search }) </code></pre></div>Property types: <ul> <li>Scalar: strings, integers, floats, booleans, dates, datetimes</li> <li>Complex: lists, maps</li> <li>Special: NULL, vector embeddings</li> <li>All property types are strongly typed</li> </ul> <h4 id="labels" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Labels <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="labels" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Labels"> Share link </button> </h4>Labels categorize nodes and enable efficient filtering: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Multiple labels provide multi-dimensional categorization CREATE (:Person:Employee:Manager {name: 'Alice'}) CREATE (:Person:Customer:PremiumCustomer {name: 'Bob'}) -- Query by label MATCH (m:Manager) RETURN m.name -- Query by multiple labels (intersection) MATCH (n:Person:Employee) RETURN n.name -- Labels enable label-specific indexes CREATE INDEX employee_id_idx ON :Employee(employee_id) </code></pre></div>Label best practices: <ul> <li>Use labels for major categories</li> <li>Multiple labels for multi-dimensional classification</li> <li>Create indexes on labeled node properties</li> <li>Labels affect query planning and performance</li> </ul> <h3 id="graph-query-language-gql" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Graph Query Language (GQL) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="graph-query-language-gql" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Graph Query Language (GQL)"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="isoiec-390752024-standard" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Standard <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="isoiec-390752024-standard" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Standard"> Share link </button> </h4>Geode follows the ISO/IEC 39075:2024 compliance, providing: <ul> <li>Pattern matching: Declarative graph traversal</li> <li>Read/write operations: CREATE, MATCH, SET, DELETE</li> <li>Aggregations: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX</li> <li>Functions: String, math, date, list, map functions</li> <li>Subqueries: Nested queries and CALL expressions</li> <li>Path expressions: Variable-length paths and path functions</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Pattern matching (declarative traversal) MATCH (u:User)-[:FRIEND]->(friend)-[:LIKES]->(p:Product) WHERE u.name = 'Alice' RETURN friend.name, p.title -- Write operations CREATE (u:User {name: 'Charlie'}) SET u.verified = true RETURN u -- Aggregations MATCH (p:Product)<-[:PURCHASED]-(u:User) RETURN p.title, COUNT(u) AS purchases ORDER BY purchases DESC LIMIT 10 -- Variable-length paths MATCH path = (a:User)-[:FRIEND*1..3]-(b:User) WHERE a.name = 'Alice' AND b.name = 'Frank' RETURN LENGTH(path) AS degrees_of_separation </code></pre></div> <h4 id="pattern-matching" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Pattern Matching <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="pattern-matching" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Pattern Matching"> Share link </button> </h4>Patterns describe graph structures to match: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Simple pattern: node-relationship-node MATCH (a:User)-[:FRIEND]->(b:User) RETURN a.name, b.name -- Complex pattern with multiple relationships MATCH (u:User)-[:POSTED]->(p:Post)-[:HAS_TAG]->(t:Tag) WHERE u.city = 'San Francisco' AND t.name IN ['databases', 'graphs'] RETURN u.name, COUNT(DISTINCT p) AS posts -- Variable-length relationships MATCH (a:Person)-[:KNOWS*1..4]-(b:Person) WHERE a.name = 'Alice' RETURN DISTINCT b.name, LENGTH(path) AS hops -- Optional patterns MATCH (u:User) OPTIONAL MATCH (u)-[:POSTED]->(p:Post) RETURN u.name, COUNT(p) AS post_count </code></pre></div> <h4 id="query-composition" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Composition <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-composition" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Composition"> Share link </button> </h4>Build complex queries from simple parts: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- WITH clause for query pipelining MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.last_login >= datetime() - duration('P30D') WITH u, SIZE((u)-[:FRIEND]->()) AS friend_count WHERE friend_count > 10 MATCH (u)-[:PURCHASED]->(p:Product) RETURN u.name, friend_count, COLLECT(p.title) AS purchases -- Subqueries MATCH (u:User) WHERE EXISTS { MATCH (u)-[:POSTED]->(p:Post) WHERE p.created_at >= datetime() - duration('P7D') } RETURN u.name AS active_users -- UNION for combining results MATCH (u:User)-[:LIKES]->(content) RETURN content.title AS liked_content UNION MATCH (u:User)-[:SAVED]->(content) RETURN content.title AS liked_content </code></pre></div> <h3 id="acid-transactions" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> ACID Transactions <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="acid-transactions" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: ACID Transactions"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="transaction-guarantees" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Transaction Guarantees <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="transaction-guarantees" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Transaction Guarantees"> Share link </button> </h4>Geode provides full ACID compliance: <ul> <li>Atomicity: All operations succeed or all fail</li> <li>Consistency: Database moves from valid state to valid state</li> <li>Isolation: Concurrent transactions don’t interfere (MVCC)</li> <li>Durability: Committed data survives crashes (WAL)</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"># Python example async with client.connection() as tx: await tx.begin() # Create user user = await tx.execute(""" CREATE (u:User {name: $name, email: $email}) RETURN id(u) AS user_id """, {'name': 'Alice', 'email': '[email protected]'}) user_id = (await user.single())['user_id'] # Create initial posts await tx.execute(""" MATCH (u:User) WHERE id(u) = $user_id CREATE (u)-[:POSTED]->(p:Post { title: 'My First Post', content: 'Hello, world!' }) """, {'user_id': user_id}) # Commit atomically (all or nothing) await tx.commit() </code></pre></div> <h4 id="isolation-levels" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Isolation Levels <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="isolation-levels" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Isolation Levels"> Share link </button> </h4>Geode supports multiple isolation levels: Snapshot Isolation (default): <ul> <li>Each transaction sees a consistent snapshot</li> <li>No dirty reads, non-repeatable reads, or phantom reads</li> <li>Write conflicts detected at commit time</li> </ul> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Transaction 1 BEGIN TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SNAPSHOT ISOLATION MATCH (u:User {id: 1}) SET u.balance = u.balance - 100 -- Transaction sees consistent snapshot even if others write COMMIT </code></pre></div>Read Committed: <ul> <li>Each statement sees committed data</li> <li>Faster than snapshot isolation</li> <li>May see changes from concurrent transactions</li> </ul> Serializable: <ul> <li>Strongest isolation</li> <li>Equivalent to serial execution</li> <li>Highest consistency, lowest concurrency</li> </ul> <h4 id="concurrency-control" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Concurrency Control <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="concurrency-control" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Concurrency Control"> Share link </button> </h4>Geode uses MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control): <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">Key benefits: - Readers never block writers - Writers never block readers - Only write-write conflicts cause blocking - Historical data available for time-travel queries </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- MVCC enables time-travel queries MATCH (u:User {id: 1}) AS OF TIMESTAMP '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z' RETURN u.name, u.email -- Query all historical versions MATCH (u:User {id: 1}) FOR ALL VERSIONS RETURN u.name, version_timestamp(), version_transaction_id() ORDER BY version_timestamp() </code></pre></div> <h3 id="indexes" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Indexes <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="indexes" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Indexes"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="index-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Index Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="index-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Index Types"> Share link </button> </h4>Property Indexes: Fast lookup by property value <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create single-property index CREATE INDEX user_email_idx ON :User(email) -- Use in queries MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.email = 'alice@example.com' -- Uses index RETURN u -- Create composite index CREATE INDEX user_location_idx ON :User(city, state) -- Use in multi-property queries MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.city = 'San Francisco' AND u.state = 'CA' RETURN u.name </code></pre></div>Full-Text Indexes: BM25-based text search <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create full-text index CREATE TEXT INDEX doc_content_idx ON :Document(content) -- Search with relevance ranking MATCH (d:Document) WHERE text_search(d.content, 'graph database performance') RETURN d.title, bm25_score(d.content, 'graph database performance') AS score ORDER BY score DESC </code></pre></div>Vector Indexes: HNSW for semantic similarity <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create vector index CREATE VECTOR INDEX doc_embedding_idx ON :Document(embedding) -- Semantic search MATCH (d:Document) WITH d, vector_similarity(d.embedding, $query_vector) AS similarity WHERE similarity > 0.75 RETURN d.title, similarity ORDER BY similarity DESC LIMIT 10 </code></pre></div> <h4 id="index-usage" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Index Usage <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="index-usage" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Index Usage"> Share link </button> </h4>Indexes are automatically used when appropriate: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Check if query uses indexes EXPLAIN MATCH (u:User) WHERE u.email = 'alice@example.com' RETURN u -- Output shows index usage: -- Index Scan: user_email_idx (estimated cost: 1.0) </code></pre></div>Monitor index effectiveness: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"># View index statistics geode index stats # Show index usage geode index analyze --show-usage # Identify missing indexes geode index recommendations </code></pre></div> <h3 id="security-fundamentals" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Security Fundamentals <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="security-fundamentals" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Security Fundamentals"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="authentication" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Authentication <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="authentication" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Authentication"> Share link </button> </h4>Geode supports multiple authentication providers: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"># Configuration security: authentication: enabled: true provider: "local" # or ldap, oauth2, saml </code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"># Connect with authentication client = Client( "localhost:3141", username="alice", password="secure_password" ) </code></pre></div> <h4 id="authorization" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Authorization <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="authorization" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Authorization"> Share link </button> </h4>Role-based access control: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create roles CREATE ROLE analyst_role CREATE ROLE admin_role -- Grant permissions GRANT MATCH ON DATABASE mydb TO analyst_role GRANT ALL ON DATABASE mydb TO admin_role -- Assign roles to users GRANT ROLE analyst_role TO user_alice </code></pre></div> <h4 id="row-level-security-rls" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Row-Level Security (RLS) <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="row-level-security-rls" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Row-Level Security (RLS)"> Share link </button> </h4>Fine-grained data-level access control: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">-- Create RLS policy CREATE POLICY user_data_isolation ON :UserData USING (node.user_id = current_user_id()) WITH CHECK (node.user_id = current_user_id()) -- Queries automatically enforce policy MATCH (d:UserData) RETURN d.content -- Users only see their own data </code></pre></div>RLS policies are: <ul> <li>Mandatory: Cannot be bypassed by application code</li> <li>Transparent: Automatically applied to queries</li> <li>Flexible: Support complex conditions</li> <li>Performant: Integrated with query planner</li> </ul> <h3 id="data-types" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Types <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-types" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Types"> Share link </button> </h3>Geode supports rich data types: <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-gql" data-lang="gql">CREATE (:Example { -- Numeric types int_val: 42, float_val: 3.14159, -- String types string_val: 'text value', text_val: 'longer text content...', -- Boolean bool_val: true, -- Temporal types date_val: date('2025-01-24'), time_val: time('14:30:00'), datetime_val: datetime('2025-01-24T14:30:00Z'), duration_val: duration('P1Y2M3DT4H5M6S'), -- Collection types list_val: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], map_val: {key1: 'value1', key2: 42}, -- Special types null_val: NULL, vector_val: [0.1, 0.2, 0.3] -- Vector embeddings }) </code></pre></div> <h3 id="best-practices" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Best Practices <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="best-practices" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Best Practices"> Share link </button> </h3> <h4 id="data-modeling" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Data Modeling <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="data-modeling" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Data Modeling"> Share link </button> </h4><ol> <li>Model relationships explicitly as first-class entities</li> <li>Use labels for categorization, not properties</li> <li>Denormalize strategically for query performance</li> <li>Index frequently queried properties</li> <li>Use specific relationship types for semantic clarity</li> </ol> <h4 id="query-writing" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Query Writing <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="query-writing" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Query Writing"> Share link </button> </h4><ol> <li>Filter early to reduce working set</li> <li>Use parameters to prevent injection and enable plan caching</li> <li>Limit traversal depth on variable-length paths</li> <li>Use EXPLAIN/PROFILE to understand query execution</li> <li>Batch operations for bulk updates</li> </ol> <h4 id="transaction-management" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Transaction Management <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="transaction-management" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Transaction Management"> Share link </button> </h4><ol> <li>Keep transactions short to reduce lock contention</li> <li>Handle deadlocks with retry logic</li> <li>Use appropriate isolation levels for your use case</li> <li>Avoid long-running transactions that hold snapshots</li> <li>Use savepoints for partial rollback</li> </ol> <h3 id="further-reading" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center group"> Further Reading <button type="button" class="h-share btn btn-link p-0 text-decoration-none link-secondary opacity-50 hover-opacity-100 transition-all ms-1" data-share-target="further-reading" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-label="Share link: Further Reading"> Share link </button> </h3><ul> <li><a href="/categories/graph-modeling/" >Graph Modeling</a> - Data modeling patterns</li> <li><a href="/tags/gql-reference/" >GQL Reference</a> - Complete GQL syntax</li> <li><a href="/tags/transactions/" >Transaction Guide</a> - Transaction management</li> <li><a href="/tags/indexing/" >Index Management</a> - Index strategies</li> <li><a href="/categories/security/" >Security Guide</a> - Authentication and authorization</li> <li><a href="/categories/performance/" >Performance Tuning</a> - Optimization techniques</li> <li><a href="/tags/mvcc/" >MVCC Deep Dive</a> - Concurrency control details</li> </ul>

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